Aluminum
Campbell A. "The potential role of aluminum in Alzheimer's disease." Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(Suppl 2):17-20.
Savory J, Garruto RM. "Aluminum, tau protein, and Alzheimer's disease: an important link?" Nutr. 1998;14(3):313-314.
Martyn CN, et al. "Aluminum concentrations in drinking water and risk of Alzheimer's disease." Epidemiol. May,1997;8(3):281-286.
Lukiw W J. "Alzheimer's disease and aluminum." Mineral Metal Neurotoxicol. 1997;12:113-126.
Exley C. "Amyloid, aluminum and the etiology of Alzheimer's disease." Med J Australia. February19,1996;164:252-253.
Forbes WF. "The role of aluminum in causing dementia." Nutr Report. March,1996;17.
Zapatero, et al. "Serum aluminum levels in Alzheimer's disease and other senile dementias." Biol Trace Elem Res. 1995;47:235-240.
Yokel RA. "Aluminum exposure produces learning and memory deficits: a model of Alzheimer's disease." Toxin-Induced Models of Neurologic Disorders Plenum Press. 1994;Chapter11;301-318.
Martin RB. "Aluminum: a neurotoxic product of acid rain." Accounts Chem Res. 1994;27:204-210.
Good PF, et al. "Selective accumulation of aluminum and iron in the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease: a laser microprobe (lamma) study." Ann Neurol. March,1992;31(3):286-292.
Spink D. "Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease." Can Med Assoc J. 1992;146(4):431.
Davenport A, Goodall R. "Aluminum and dementia." Lancet. May16,1992;339:1236.
Bolla KI, et al. "Neurocognitive effects of aluminum." Arch Neurol. October1992;49:1021-1026.
"Alzheimer's and aluminum conundrum." Lancet. November30,1991;338:1386-1387.
Neri L, Hewitt D. "Aluminum, Alzheimer's disease and drinking water." Lancet. August10,1991;338:390.
McLachlan DR, et al. "Would decreased aluminum ingestion reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's disease?" Can Med Assoc J. 1991;145(7):793-803.
Bjorksten J, et al. "Aluminum and neurofibrillary tangles as a cause of Alzheimer's disease: a hypothesis." J Adv Med. Summer,1991;4(2):121-130.
Martyn CN. "Geographical relation between Alzheimer's disease and aluminum in drinking water." Lancet. 1989;8629:50.
Beal MF, et al. "Neurochemical characteristics of aluminum-induced neurofibrillary degeneration in rabbits." Neurosci. 1989;29(2):339-346.
Candy JM, et al. "Aluminosilicates and senile plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease." Lancet. February15,1986:354-357.
Red Wine
Bastianetto S. "Red wine consumption and brain aging." Nutrition. 2002;18(4):432-433.
Fish
Friedland RP. "Fish consumption and the risk of Alzheimer Disease: is it time to make dietary recommendations?" Arch Neurol. July 2003;60:923-924.
Garlic
Chauhan NB. "Multiplicity of garlic health effects and Alzheimer's disease." J Nutr Health Aging. 2005;9(6):421-32.
Antioxidants
Zandi PP, et al. "Reduced risk of Alzheimer's Disease in users of antioxidant vitamin supplements: The Cache County Study." Arch Neurol. January 2004;61(1):82-88.
Rinaldi P, et al. "Plasma antioxidants are similarly depleted in mild cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer's Disease." Neurobiol Aging. 2003;24:915-919.
Engelhart MJ, et al. "Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease." JAMA. June26,2002;287(24):3223-3229.
Morris MC, et al. "Dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a biracial community study." JAMA. June26,2002;287(24):3230-3237.
Foley DJ, White LR. "Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of alzheimer disease: food for thought." JAMA. June26,2002;287(24):3261-3263.
Tucker ME. "More antioxidants, less fat may cut Alzheimer's risk." Fam Prac News. September1,2002:1-2.
Tucker ME. "Antioxidants may reduce Alzheimer's disease risk." Fam Prac News. October1, 2002:30.
Rottkamp CA, et al. "Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and Alzheimer's disease." Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2000;14(Suppl 1):S62-S66.
Delanty N, Dichter MA. "Antioxidant therapy in neurologic disease." Arch Neurol. September,2000;57:1265-1270.
Schulz JB, et al. "Glutathione, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration." Eur J Biochem. 2000;267:4904-4911.
Perry G, Smith MA. "Is oxidative damage central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease?" Acta Neurol Belg. 1998;98:175-179.
Mecocci P, et al. "Oxidative stress and lymphocytes in Alzheimer disease." Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 1998;Suppl.6:313-316.
Rosler M, et al. "Free radicals in Alzheimer's dementia: currently available therapeutic strategies." J Neural Transm. 1998;54(Suppl.):211-219.
Ratan RR. "Antioxidants and the treatment of neurological disease." Cell Death Dis Nerv Sys. 1998;32:649-666.
Mecocci P, et al. "Increased oxidative damage in lymphocytes of Alzheimer's disease patients." J Am Geriatr Soc. December,1997;45(12):1536-1537.
Markesbery WR. "Oxidative stress hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease." Free Rad Biol Med. 1997;23(1):134-147.
Lethem R, Orrell M. "Antioxidants and dementia." Lancet. April26,1997;349:1189.
Frolich L, Riederer P. "Free radical mechanisms in dementia of the Alzheimer's type and the potential for antioxidative treatment." Drug Res. 1995;45(1), 3A:443-446.
Beal MF. "Aging, energy, and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases." Annals Neurol. 1995;38:357-366.
Williams LR. "Oxidative stress, age-related neurodegeneration, and the potential for neurotrophic treatment." Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev. 1995;7:55-73.
Ward J. "Free radicals, antioxidants and preventive geriatrics." Austral Fam Phys. July 1994;23(7):1297-1305.
Jenner P. "Oxidative damage in neurodegenerative diseases." Lancet. September17,1994;344:796-798.
Harman D. "Free radical theory of ageing: a hypothesis on pathogenesis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type." Age. 1993;16:23-30.
Vitamin B1
Refsum H, Smith AD. "Low vitamin B-12 status in confirmed Alzheimer's disease as revealed by serum holotranscobalamin." J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:959-961.
Pepersack T, et al. "Clinical relevance of thiamine status amongst hospitalized elderly patients." Gerontol. 1999;45:96-101.
Gold M, et al. "Plasma thiamine deficiency associated with Alzheimer's disease but not Parkinson's disease." Metabolic Brain Dis. 1998;13(1):43-53.
Mastrogiacomo F, et al. "Brain thiamine, its phosphate esters, and its metabolizing enzymes in Alzheimer's disease." Annals Neurol. 1996;39:585-591.
Gold M, et al. "Plasma and red blood cell thiamine deficiency in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type." Arch Neurol. November,1995;52:1081-1085.
Benton D, et al. "The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on cognitive functioning." Psychopharmacol. 1995;117:298-305.
Meador KJ, et al. "Evidence for a central cholinergic effect of high dose thiamine." An Neurol. 1993;344:7244-6.
Meador K. "Preliminary findings of high-dose thiamine in dementia of Alzheimer's type." J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. October-December,1993;6:222-229.
Agbayewa MO, et al. "Pyridoxine, ascorbic acid and thiamine in Alzheimer and comparison subjects." Can J Psychiatry. November,1992;37(9):661-662.
Blass JP, et al. "Thiamine and Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study." Arch Neurol. August,1988;45:833-835.
Vitamin B12 and Folate
Luchsinger JA, et al. "Relation of higher folate intake to lower risk of Alzheimer disease in the elderly." Arch Neurol. 2007;64(1):86-92.
Tettamanti M, et al. "Low folate and the risk of cognitive and functional deficits in the very old: the Monzino 80-plus study." J Am Coll Nutr. 2006;25(6):502-8.
Quadri P, et al. "Homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B-12 in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and vascular dementia." Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:114-122.
Nagga K, et al. "Cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, and gastritis markers in dementia." Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2003;16:269-275.
Mizrahi EH, et al. "Plasma total homocysteine levels, dietary vitamin B6 and folate intake in AD and healthy aging." J Nutr Health Aging. 2003;7(3):160-165.
McCaddon A, et al. "Functional vitamin B12 deficiency and Alzheimer disease." Neurol. May,2002;58 (1 of 2):1395-1399.
Smith AD. "Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cognitive deficit in the elderly." Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:785-786.
Ito T, et al. "Effects of vitamin B12 on bright light on cognitive and sleep-wake rhythm in Alzheimer-type dementia." Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;55:281-282.
Wang H-X, et al. "Vitamin B12 and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer's disease." Neurol. May,2001;56(1 of 2):1188-1194.
Rieder CRM, Fricke D. "Vitamin B12 and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer's disease." Neurol. November,2001;57(1 of 2):1742.
Postiglione A, et al. "Plasma folate, vitamin B12, and total homocysteine and homozygosity for the C677T mutation of the 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene in patients with Alzheimer's dementia: a case-control study." Gerontol. 2001;47:324-329.
McCaddon A, et al. "Analogues, ageing and aberrant assimilation of vitamin B12 in Alzheimer's disease." Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2001;12:133-137.
Snowdon DA, et al. "Serum folate and the severity of atrophy of the neocortex in Alzheimer disease: findings from the Nun Study." Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:993-998.
Weir DG, Scott JM. "Brain function in the elderly: role of vitamin B12 and folate." Br Med Bull. 1999;55(3):669-682.
Clarke R, et al. "Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease." Arch Neurol. November,1998;55:1449-1455.
Diaz-Arrastia R. "Hyperhomocysteinemia: a new risk factor for Alzheimer disease?" Arch Neurol. November,1998;55:1407-1408.
Joosten E, et al. "Is metabolic evidence for vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency more frequent in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease?" J Gerontol: Medl Sci. 1997;52A(2):M76-M79.
Johnston CS, Thomas JA. "Holotranscobalamin II levels in plasma are related to dementia in older people." J Am Ger Soc. June,1997;45(6):779-780.
Gomes-Trolin C, et al. "Influence of vitamin B12 on brain methionine adenosyltransferase activity in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type." J Neural Transmis. 1996;103:861-872.
Schuitemaker GE, Hoogland AJ. "Cobalamin deficiency, methylation and neurological disorders." J Orthomolec Med. 1996;11(4):190-194.
Dommisse JV. "The psychiatric manifestations of B12 deficiency." Prim Psychiatry. April,1996;18-21.
McCaddon A, Kelly C. "Familial Alzheimer's disease and vitamin B12 deficiency." Age Ageing. July, 1994;23:334-337.
Levitt AJ, et al. "Folate, vitamin B12 and cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease." ACTA Pshychiatr Scand. 1992;86:301-305.
Dommisse JV. "Subtle vitamin-B12 deficiency and psychiatry: a largely unnoticed but devastating relationship?" Med Hypoth. 1991;34:131-140.
Vitamin C
Masaki KH, et al. "Association of vitamin E and C supplement use with cognitive function and dementia in elderly men." Neurol. 2000;54:1265-1272.
Morris MC, et al. "Vitamin E and vitamin C supplement use and risk of incident Alzheimer disease." Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1998;12(3):121-126.
Andorn AC, et al. "Ascorbate-stimulated lipid peroxidation and non-heme iron concentrations in Alzheimer disease." Mol Chem Neuropathol. 1998;33:15-26.
Barabas J, et al. "Ascorbic acid in cerebrospinal fluid - a possible protection against free radicals in the brain." Arch Gerontol Geriat. 1995;21:43-48.
Vitamin E
Berman K, Brodaty H. "Tocopherol (vitamin E) in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders." CNS Drugs. 2004;18(12):807-825.
Gonzalez-Gross M, et al. "Nutrition and cognitive impairment in the elderly." Br J Nutr. 2001;86:313-321.
Grundman M. "Vitamin E and Alzheimer disease: the basis for additional clinical trials." Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(Suppl):630S-636S.
Miller JW. "Vitamin E and memory: is it vascular protection?" Nutr Rev. April,2000;58(4):109-111.
Vatassery GT, et al. "High doses of vitamin E in the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system in the aged." Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:793-801.
Guyonnet S, et al. "Alzheimer's disease and nutrition." Rev Neurol (Paris). 1999;155(5):343-349.
Zwillich T. "Vitamin E high on List of Alzheimer's therapies," Fam Pract News. August15,1999:27.
Behl C. "Vitamin E and other antioxidants in neuroprotection." Int J Vit Nutr Res. 1999;69(3):213-219.
Sano M, et al. "A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha- tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease." New Eng J Med. April24,1997;336(17):1216-1222.
"Alzheimer's and vitamin E." Nutr Week. May2,1997;27(17):7.
Butler RN. "Vitamin E supplements." Geriatrics. July,1997;52(7):7-8.
Traber MG. "Vitamin E, oxidative stress and 'healthy ageing.'" Eur J Clin Invest. 1997;27:822-824.
"Alzheimer's and vitamin E." Nutrition Week. 1997;May 2,27(17):7/New York Times. 1997;April 24,A22.
Traber MG, Sies H. "Vitamin E in humans: demand and delivery." Annual Review of Nutrition, 1996;16:321-347.
Adams JD, et al. "Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease brain levels of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and vitamin E." Mol Chem Neuropathol. 1991;14:213-223.
Choline
Davis KL, et al. "Cholinergic markers in elderly patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease." JAMA. April21,1999;281(15):1401-1406.
Iyo M, et al. "Measurement of acetylcholinesterase by positron emission tomography in the brains of healthy controls and patients with Alzheimer's disease." Lancet. June21,1997;349:1805-1809.
Secades JJ, Frontera G. "CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review." Meth Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1995;17(Suppl B):1-54.
Canty, DJ. "Lecithin and choline in human health and disease." Nutr Rev. October,1994;52(10):327-339.
Kanof PD, et al. "Red blood cell choline. II: Kinetics in Alzheimer's disease." Biol Psychiatry. April,1985;20(4):375-383.
White P, et al. "Neocortical cholinergic neurons in elderly people." Lancet. March 26,1977;1(8013):668-671.
Magnesium
Andrasi E, et al. "Disturbances of magnesium concentrations in various brain areas in Alzheimer's disease." Magnes Res. 2000;13(3):189-196.
Lemke MR. "Plasma magnesium decrease and altered calcium/magnesium ratio in severe dementia of the Alzheimer type." Biol Psychiatry. March1,1995;37(5):341-343.
Mansmann HC. "Consider magnesium homeostasis: II: staging of magnesium deficiencies." Ped Asthma Allerg Immunol. 1993;7(4):211-215.
Durlach J. "Magnesium depletion and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease." Magnes Res. 1990;3(3):217-218.
DHA and EFAs
Freund-Levi Y, et al. "Omega-3 supplementation in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms." Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. June21,2007.
Freund-Levi Y, et al. "Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: OmegAD study: a randomized double-blind trial,' Arch Neurol, 2006; 63(10): 1402-8.
Conquer JA, et al. "Fatty acid analysis of blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease, other types of dementia, and cognitive treatment." Lipids. 2000;35(12):1305-1312.
Grant WB. "Fish consumption, cancer, and Alzheimer disease." Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:599-603.
Kyle DJ, et al. "Low serum docosahexaenoic acid Is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's dementia." Lipids. 1999;34:S245.
Horrocks LA, Yeo YK. "Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)." Pharmacol Res. 1999;40(3):211-225.
Van Rhijn AG, et al. "Dietary supplementation with zinc sulphate, sodium selenite, and fatty acids in early dementia of the Alzheimer's type." J Nutr Med. 1990;1:259-266.
Phosphatidylserine
Crook T, et al. "Effects of phosphatidyl serene in Alzheimer's disease." Psychopharmacol Bull. 1992;28:61-66.
Nerozzi D, et al. "Fosfatidilserina e disturbi della memoria nell'anziano." La Clinica Terapeutica. 1987;120:399-404.
Manfredi M, et al. "Risultato clinici della fosfatidil-serina in 40 donne affette da trube psico-organiche in eta climaterica e senile." La Clinic Terapeutica. 1987;120:33-36.
DHEA
Leblhuber F, et al. "Age and sex differences of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and cortisol (CRT) plasma levels in normal controls and Alzheimer's disease (AD)." Psychopharmacology Berl. 1993;111(1):23-6.
Schwartz AG. "Biological role of dehydroepiandrosterone." Gerontologist. 1992;32(3):425.
Lipoic Acid
Holmquist L, et al. "Lipoic acid as a novel treatment for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias." Pharmacol Therapeutics. 2007;113(1):154-164.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH)
Birkmayer JG. "Coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: new therapeutic approach for improving dementia of the Alzheimer type." Annals Clin Lab Sci. 1996;26(1):1-9.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine
Bianchetti A, et al. "Effects of acetyl-l-carnitine in Alzheimer's Disease patients unresponsive to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors." Curr Med Res Opin. 2003;19(4):350-353.
Montgomery SA, et al. "Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-l-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease." Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;18:61-71.
Thal LJ, et al. "A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease." Neurol. September,1996;47:705-711.
Calvani M, et al. "Action of acetyl-l-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease." Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992;663:483-486.
Sano M, et al. "A double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease." Arch Neurol. November,1992;49:1137-1141.
Kalaria RN, Harik SI. "Carnitine acetyltransferase activity in the human brain and its microvessels is decreased in Alzheimer's disease." Annals Neurol. October,1992;32(4):583-586.
Bowman BAB. "Acetyl-carnitine and Alzheimer's disease." Nutr Rev. 1992;50(5):142-144.
Carta A, Calvani M. "Acetyl-l-carnitine: a drug able to slow the progress of Alzheimer's disease?" Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;640:228-232.
Spagnoli A, et al. "Long-term acetyl-l-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease." Neurol. November,1991;41:1726-1732.
Melatonin
Pacchierotti C, et al. "Melatonin in psychiatric disorders: a review on the melatonin involvement in psychiatry." Front Neuroendocrinol. 2001;22:18-32.
Reiter RJ. "Oxidative damage in the central nervous system: protection by melatonin." Prog Neurobiol. 1998;56:359-384.
Nowak JZ, Zawilska JB. "Melatonin and its physiological and therapeutic properties." Pharm World Sci. 1998;20(1):18-27.
Reiter RJ, et al. "Melatonin in relation to cellular antioxidative defense mechanisms." Horm Metab Res. 1997;29:363-372.
Tan DX, et al. "Melatonin: a potent, endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger." Endocrine J. 1993;1:57-60.
Coenzyme Q10
Young AJ, et al. "Coenzyme Q10: a review of its promise as a neuroprotectant." CNS Spect. 2007;12(1):62-8.
Ishrat T, et al. "Coenzyme Q10 modulates cognitive impairment against intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin in rats." Behav Brain Res. Apr16,2006.
Kidd PM. "Neurodegeneration from mitochondrial insufficiency: nutrients, stem cells, growth factors, and prospects for brain rebuilding using integrative management." Altern Med Rev. 2005;10(4):268-293.
Ginkgo Biloba
Blaylock RL. "New developments in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases using nutraceuticals and metabolic stimulants." JANA. Winter,2002;5(1):15-32.
Diamond BJ, et al. "Ginkgo biloba extract: mechanisms and clinical indications." Arch Phys Med Rehabil. May,2000;81:668-678.
Oken BS, et al. "The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease." Arch Neurol. November,1998;55:1409-1415.
Rosenberg RN. "Alternative neurology." Arch Neurol. November,1998;55:1394-1395.
Maurer K, et al. "Clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in dementia of the Alzheimer type." J Psych Res. 1997;31(6):645-655.
Kanowski S, et al. "Proof of efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia." Pharmacopsychiatry. 1996;29(2):47-56.
Hindmarch I. "Activity of ginkgo biloba extract on short-term memory." Rokan Ginkgo biloba:Results in Pharmacology and Clinic. Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 1988.
Curcuma Longa
Zhang L, et al. Curcuminoids enhance amyloid-beta uptake by macrophages of Alzheimer's disease patients." J Alzheimer's Dis. 2006;10(1): 1-7.
Shishodia S, et al. "Curcumin: getting back to the roots." Ann NY Acad Sci. 2005;1056:206-17.
Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.
Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.
Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.
Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.
Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.
Nicotine Patches
Jarvik ME. "Beneficial effects of nicotine." Br J Addict. 1991, May;86(5):571-5.
Mercury-Amalgam Fillings
Ely JTA. "Mercury induced Alzheimer's disease: accelerating incidence?" Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001;67:800-806.
Vance DE, et al. "Trace element imbalances in hair and nails of Alzheimer's disease patients." Neurotoxicol. 1998;9(2):197-208.
Pendergrass JC, et al. "Mercury vapor inhalation inhibits binding of GTP to tubulin in rat brain: similarity to a molecular lesion in Alzheimer diseased brain." Neurotoxicol. 1997;18(2):315-324.
Bjorklund G. "Mercury as a potential source for the etiology of Alzheimer's disease." Trace Elem Med. 1991;8(4):208.
Wenstrup D, et al. "Trace element imbalances in isolated subcellular fractions of Alzheimer's disease brains." Brain Res. 1990;533:125-131.
Avoid Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
Salvatore JR. "Low-frequency magnetic fields and cancer." Postgrad Med. August,1996;100(2):183-190.
Sobel E, et al. "Occupation with exposure to electromagnetic fields: a possible risk factor for Alzheimer's disease." Am J Epidemiol. 1995;142(5):515-524.
Eliminate Excess Iron
Sayre LM, et al. "The role of metals in neurodegenerative diseases." Cell Mol Biol. 2000;46(4):731-741.
Smith MA, et al. "Iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease is a source of redox-generated free radicals." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. September,1997;94:9866-9868.
Zhongming Q, et al. "Brain iron and neurological disorders," Chinese Med J. 1997;110(6):455-458.
Deibel MA, et al. "Copper, iron, and zinc imbalances in severely degenerated brain regions in Alzheimer's disease: possible relation to oxidative stress." J Neurol Sci. November,1996;143(1-2):137-142.
Connor JR, et al. "A histochemical study of iron, transferrin, and ferritin in Alzheimer's diseased brains." J Neurosci Res. 1992;31:75-83.
Chelate Aluminum with Desferrioxamine
Ritchie CW, et al. "Metal-protein attenuation with iodochlorhydroxyquin (clioquinol) targeting a amyloid deposition and toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease: a pilot phase 2 clinical trial." Arch Neurol. December 2003;60:1685-1691.
Verbeelen D. "Aluminum toxicity." ACTA Clinica Belgica. 1991;46.2:63-67.
Park P. "Aluminum mop slows Alzheimer's disease." New Sci. January19,1991;18.
McLachlan DR, et al. "Intramuscular desferrioxamine for Alzheimer's disease." Lancet. June1991;1:337:1304-8.
Grutzmacher P, et al. "Aluminum and renal anemia." Trace Elem Med. 1991;8(1):S21-S25.
Knoll O, et al. "Consequences from EEG findings and aluminum encephalopathy." Trace Elem Med. 1991;8(1):S18-S20.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
Shumaker SA, et al. "Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial." JAMA. May28,2003;289(20):2651-2662.
Press D, Alexander M. "Prevention of dementia." UpToDate Fam Prac. October,2003:1-5.
Zandi PP, et al. "Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of Alzheimer disease in older women: the Cache County Study." JAMA. November6,2002;288(17):2123-2129.
Schneider LS, et al. "Potential role for estrogen replacement in the treatment of alzheimer's dementia." Am J Med. September22,1997;103(3A):46S-50S.
Ohkura T, et al. "Evaluation of estrogen treatment in female patients with demential of the Alzheimer type." Endocrine J. 1994;16:1-4.
Paganini-Hill A, et al. "Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women." Am J Epidemiol. 1994;140(3):256-261.
Johnson R. "Estrogen/Alzheimer's link found." Med Trib. December9,1993;1,8.
Exercise
Larson EB, et al. "Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older." Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(2):73-81.
Teri L, et al. "Exercise plus behavioral management in patients with Alzheimer's Disease: a randomized controlled trial." JAMA. October15,2003;290(15):2015-2022.
Teri L, et al. "Exercise and activity level in Alzheimer's disease: a potential treatment focus." J Rehabil Res Dev. October,1998;35(4):411-419.
Thyroid Panel
Dobert N, et al. "Subclinical hyperthyroidism in dementia and correlation of the metabolic index in FDG-PET." Acta Medica Austriaca. 2003;30:130-133.
Heyman A, et al. "Alzheimer's disease: genetic aspects and associated clinical disorders." Ann Neurol. 1983;14:507-15.
Lott IT. "Down's syndrome, aging and Alzheimer's disease: A clinical review." Ann NY Acad Sci. 1982;396:15-27.
Cognitive Stimulation
Wilson RS, et al. "Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer disease." JAMA. February13,2002;287(6):742-748.
Copyright 1998 - 2008 by L. Vicky Crouse, ND and James S. Reiley, ND. All rights reserved (ISSN 1527-0661).