Below are supplemental abstracts and references of research that support the conclusions on the treatment for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

. Diet and Nutrition References


Animal Fats vs. Vegetables and Fruits

Rohrmann S, et al. "Fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of micronutrients, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men." Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(2):523-9.

Suzuki S, et al. "Intakes of energy and macronutrients and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia." Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:689-697.

Hinman F. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Springer-Verlag; NY, NY. 1983.


Zinc-Containing Foods

Fahaim M. "Zinc treatment for the reduction of hyperplasia of the prostate." Fed Proc. 1976;35:361.


Avoid Beer

DeRosa G, et al. "Prolactin secretion after beer." Lancet. 1981;2:934.


Soybean Products

Thomas JA. "Diet, micronutrients, and the prostate gland." Nutr Rev. April,1999;57(4):95-103.

Wilt TJ, et al. "Beta-sitosterol for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review." BJU Intl. 1999;83:976-983.

Klippel KF, et al. "A multicentric, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of B-sitosterol (phytosterol) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia." Br J Urol. 1997;80:427-432.

Tilvis RS, et al. "Serum plant sterols and their relation to cholesterol absorption." Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;43:92-7.

Kadow C, Abrams PH. "A double-blind trial of the effect of beta-sitosteryl glucoside (WA184) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia." Eur Urol. 1986;12:187-189.


Vitamin and Mineral References


Vitamin D

Huynh H, et al. "Regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II and IGF binding protein 3 autocrine loop in human PC-3 prostate cancer cells by vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analog EB1089." Int J Oncol. 1998;Jul;13:1;137-43.


Vitamin E

Marz RB. Medical Nutrition from Marz, 2nd ed. Omni Press; Portland, OR; 1997:443.


Zinc

Bandlish U, et al. "Plasma zinc level estimation in enlarged prostate." Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 1988;31(3):231-4.

Feustel A, Wennrich R. "Zinc and cadmium plasma and erythrocyte levels in prostatic carcinoma, BPH, urological malignancies, and inflammations." Prostate. 1986;8(1):75-9.

Judd AM, et al. "Zinc acutely, selectively and reversibly inhibits pituitaiy prolactin secretion." Brain Res. 1984;294:190-2.

Leake A, et al. "Interaction between prolactin and zinc in the human prostate gland." J Endocrinol. 1984;102(1):73-6.

Leake A, et al. "The effect of zinc on the 5-alpha-reduction of testosterone by the hyperplastic human prostate gland." J Steroid Biochem. 1984;20:651-5.

Leake A, et al. "Subcellular distribution of zinc in the benign and malignant human prostate: Evidence for a direct zinc androgen interaction." Acta Endocrinol. 1984;105:281-8.

Farnsworth WE, et al. "Interaction of prolactin and testosterone in the human prostate." Urol Res. 1981;9:79-88.

Fahim MS, et al. "Zinc treatment for the reduction of hyperplasia of the prostate." Fed Pro. 1976;35:361.

Habib FK, et al. "Metal-androgen interrelationships in carcinoma and hyperplasia of the human prostate." J Endocr. 1976;71:133-141.

Wallace AM, Grant JK. "Effect of zinc on androgen metabolism in the human." Biochem Soc Trans. 1975;3:540.

Bush IM, et al. "Zinc and the prostate." Presented at the annual meeting of the American Medical Association. Chicago, 1974.

Irving M. Bush and associates, Cook County Hospital, Chicago. "Zinc and the prostate." Presented at the annual meeting of the Am Med Assoc, Chicago, 1974.

Gonick P, et al. "Atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of zinc in the prostate." Invest Urol. 1969;6:345-7.

Gyorkey F, Sato CS. "In vitro zinc-binding capacities of normal, hyperplastic and carcinomatous human prostate gland." Exp Mol Pathol. 1968;8:216-24.

Schrodt GR, et al. "The concentration of zinc in diseased human prostate glands." Cancer. 1964;17:1555-66.


Zinc and Magnesium

Gyorkey F, et al. "Zinc and magnesium in human prostate gland: Normal, hyperplaslic and neoplastic." Cancer Res. 1967;27:1348-53.


Selenium

Webber MM. "Selenium prevents the growth stimulatory effects of cadmium on human prostatic epithelium." Biochem Biophy Res Commun. 1985;127(3):871-77.


Supplement References


Amino Acids-Glycine, Glutamic Acid, Alanine

Damrau F. "Benign prostatic hypertrophy: amino acid therapy for symptomatic relief." J Am Geriatr Soc. 1962;10:426.

Feinblatt HM, Gant JC. "Palliative treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Value of glycine-alanine-glutamic acid combination." J Maine Med Assoc. March, 1958.


Omega 3 Fatty Acids

Klein LA, Stoff JS. "Prostaglandins and the prostate: An hypothesis on the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia." Prostate. 4(3):247-51, 1983.

Bach D, Walker H. "How important are prostaglandins in the urology of man?" Urol Int. 37(3):160-71, 1982.

Hart JP, Cooper WL. "Vitamin F in the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia." Report #1,Lee Foundation for Nutr Res. Milwaukee, WI.1941.


Quercetin

Theoharides TC, et al. "Mast cell activation in sterile bladder and prostate inflammation." Int Arch of All and Appl Immunol. 1991;92:281-86.


Prostate Glandular

Marz RB. Medical Nutrition from Marz, 2nd ed. Omni Press; Portland, OR; 1997:443.

Stein J. "Objective demonstration of the organ-specific effectiveness of cellular preparations." In: Schmid F, ed; Cell Research and Cellular Therapy. Ott Publishers; Thoune (Switzerland); 1967:294-301.

Neumann KH. "The influence of tissue injections on experimental liver damage." In:Schmid F, ed; Cell Research and Cellular Therapy. Ott Publishers; Thoune (Switzerland); 1967:368-79.

Stein J. "Specific effect on implanted endocrine tissues." In:Schmid F, ed; Cell Research and Cellular Therapy. Ott Publishers; Thoune (Switzerland); 1967:340-67.


Botanical References


Serenoa

Bent S, et al. "Saw palmetto for benign prostatic hyperplasia." N Engl J Med. 2006;354(6):557-66.

Boschert S. "Saw palmetto may delay progression to BPH." Fam Prac News. July4,2004:29.

Kirn TF. "Group rates efficacy of herbs." Fam Prac News. April15,2004;34(8):1. 26.

Gordon AE, Shaughnessy AF. "Saw palmetto for prostate disorders." Am Fam Physician. March 15,2003;67(6):1281-1283.

Dreikorn K. "The role of phytotherapy in treating lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia." World J Urol. 2002;19:426-435.

Petry JJ, Hadley SK. "Medicinal herbs: answers and advice, part 2." Hosp Prac. August15,2001:55-59.

Finn R. "Saw palmetto reduces urinary tract symptom scores in men." Fam Prac News. November1,2001:11.

Barrett M. "The pharmacology of saw palmetto in treatment of BPH." JAMA. January,2000;2(3):40-43.

DeMott K. "Herbal/antioxidant agents reduce symptoms of BPH." Fam Prac News. November15,1999;29(22):24.

Wilt TJ, et al. "Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systemic review." JAMA. November11,1998;280(18):1604-1609.

Kirn TF, "Herbal supplements being tested asdrugs." Fam Prac News. November15,1998:13.

Buck AC. "Phytotherapy for the prostate." Br J Urol. 1996;78:325-336.

Lowe FC, Ku JC. "Phytotherapy in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a critical review." Urol. 1996;48:12-20.

Braeckman J. "The extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicenter open study." Curr Ther Res. July,1994;55(7):776-785.

Braeckman J. "The extract of serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatichyperplasia: A multicenter openstudy." Curr Therap Res. July,1994;55(7):776-785.

Sciarra F, et al. "Evidence that serenoa repens extract displays an antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients." Euro Urol. 1992;21:309-314.

Smith HR, et al. "The value of permixon in benign prostatic hypertrophy." Br J Urol. 1986;58:36-40.

Tasca A, et al. "Treatment of the obstructive symptoms of prostatic adenoma with extract of Serenoa repens." Mm Urol Nefr. 1985;37:87.

Champault G, et al. "A double-blind trial of an extract of the plant Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia." Br J Clin Pharmac. 1984;18:461-462.

Champault G, et al. "Medical treatment of prostatic adenoma." Ann Urol. 1984;18:407.

Carilla E, et al. "Binding of permixon, a new treatment for prostatic benign hyperplasia, to the cytosolic androgen receptor in the rat prostate." J Steroid Biochem. 1984;20(1):521-523.

Boccafoschi C, Annoscia S. "Comparison of Serenoa repens extract with placebo by controlled clinical trial in patients with prostatic adenomatosis." Urologia. 1983;50:1257.

Cirillo-Marucco E, et al. "Extract of Serenoa repens (permixon) in the early treatment of prostatic hypertrophy." Urologia. 1983;50:1269.

Tripodi V, et al. "Treatment of prostatic hypertrophy with Serenoa repens extract." Med Praxis. 1983;4:41.


Urtica dioca

Buck AC. "Phytotherapy for the prostate." Br J Urol. 1996;78:325-36.


Pygeum africanum

Wilt T, et al. "Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia." Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;1:CD001044.

Fagelman E, Lowe FC. "Herbal medications in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)." Urol Clin N Am. 2002;29:23-29.

McQueen CE, Bryant PJ. "Pygeum." Am J Health-Syst Pharm. January15,2001;58:120-123.

Ishani A, et al. "Pygeum africanum for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis." Am J Med. December1,2000;109:654-664.

Carani C, et al. "Urological and sexual evaluation of treatment of benign prostatic disease using Pygeum africanum at high doses." Arch Ital Urol Nefrol Androl. September,1991;63(3):341-345.


Homeopathy References


Morrison R.Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms.Hahnemann Clinic Publishing; Albany, CA; 1993.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.


Other Treatment References


Sitz Baths

Balch JF, et al. Prescription for Nutritional Healing , 2nd ed. Avery Publishing; NY, NY; 1997:451.


Smoking

Platz EA, et al. "Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia." Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149(2):106-115.

Nukui M. "Epidemiological study on diet, smoking and alcohol drinking in the relationship to prostatic weight." Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 1997;Nov;88(11):950-6.


Exercise

Platz EA, et al, "Physical activity and benign prostatic hyperplasia." Arch Int Med. November23,1998;158:2349-2356.


Cadmium Toxicity

Hoffman L, et al. "Carcinogenic effects of cadmium on the prostate of the rat." J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1985;109(3)193-199.

Habib FK et al. "Metal-adrogen interrelationships in carcinoma and hyperplasia of the human prostate." J Endocrinol. 1976;71(1):133-141.

Copyright 1998 - 2008 by L. Vicky Crouse, ND and James S. Reiley, ND. All rights reserved (ISSN 1527-0661).