Below are supplemental abstracts and references of research that support the conclusions on the treatment for Constipation

. Diet and Nutrition References


Food Allergies

Putnam PE. "The milk of human constipation." J Pediatr. Nov,2004:145;578-580.

Murray JA, et al. "Effect of a gluten-free diet on gastrointestinal symptoms in celiac disease." Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:669-673.

Kirn TF. "Prevalence of cow's milk allergy continues to rise." Fam Prac News. Apr1,2004:91.

Daher S, et al. "Cow's milk protein intolerance and chronic constipation in children." Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2001;12:339-342.

Vanderhoof JA, et al. "Allergic constipation: association with infantile milk allergy." Clin Pediatr. July,2001:40;399-402.

Carroccio A, et al. "Cow's milk and chronic constipation in children." N Engl J Med. March18,1999;340(11):892.

Iacono G, et al. "Intolerance of cow's milk and chronic constipation in children." N Engl J Med. October15,1998;339(16):1100-1104.

Hartog GD, et al. "The constipated stomach. an underdiagnosed problem in patients with abdominal pain?" Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(Suppl. 225):41-46.

Iacono G, et al. "Cow's milk-protein allergy as a cause of anal fistula and fissures: a case report." J Aller Clin Immunol. January,1998;101(1)/Part I:125-127.

Leung AKC, et al. "Constipation in children." Am Fam Phys. August,1996;5(2):611-618.

Gallo C, et al. "Irritable bowel: a food allergy?" Highlights Food Aller. 1996;32:198-203.

Iacono G, et al. "Chronic constipation as a symptom of cow milk allergy." J Pediatr. Jan,1995;126(1):34-39.

Kaaks R, et al. "Dietary fiber and colon cancer" Path. Biol. 1994;42(10):1091-1092.

Lupton JR, et al. "Barley bran flour accelerates gastrointestinal transit time." J Am Dietetic Assoc. 1993;93:881-885.

Holt M, et al. "Constipation and diet in primary school children." J Nutr Med. 1992;3:257-262.

Hedges HH. "The elimination diet as a diagnostic tool" AFP J. November,1992;46(5):77S-85S.

Borok G, Segal I. "The irritated gastro-intestinal syndrome: the role of dietary rehabilitation." S Af Fam Prac. December,1991;520-527.

"Treating allergies early can reduce later toll." Fam Prac News. November15-30,1990;20.


Dietary Fiber, Fruits and Vegetables

Rush EC, et al. "Kiwifruit promotes laxation in the elderly." Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2002;11(2):164-168.

de Araujo Sant' Anna AMG, Calcado AC. "Constipation in school-aged children at public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." J Ped Gastroenterol Nutr. August,1999;29(2):190-193.

Key TJ, et al. "Health benefits of a vegetarian diet." Proc Nutr Soc. 1999;58:271-275

Slavin JL. "Implementation of dietary modifications." Am J Med. January25,1999;106(1A):46S-49S.

Walter P. "Effects of vegetarian diets on aging and longevity." Nutr Rev. 1997;55(1):(Suppl. II)S61-S66.

McClung HJ, et al. "Constipation and dietary fiber intake in children" Ped. 1995;96(Suppl):999-1001.

Nair P, Mayberry JF. "Vegetarianism, dietary fibre and gastro-intestinal disease." Dig Dis. May-June. 1994;12(3):177-185.


Water Intake

Schaefer DC, Cheskin LJ. "Constipation in the elderly." Am Fam Phys. September15,1998;58(4):907-914.


Honey

Ladas SD, Raptis SA. "Honey, fructose absorption, and the laxative effect." Nutr. 1999;15(7/8):591-592.


Vitamin and Mineral References


Vitamin B5

Hanck AB, Goffin H. "Dexpanthenol (Ro 01-4709) in the treatment of constipation." Acta Vitaminol Enzymol. 1982;4(1-2):87-91.

Williams RJ. "The expanding horizon in nutrition." Texas Rep Biol Med. 1961;19(2):245-58.

Bean WB, Hodges RE. "Pantothenic acid deficiency induced in human subjects." Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1954;86:693-98.

Jacques JE. "Pantothenic acid in paralytic ileus." Lancet. 1951;2:861-61.


Folic Acid

Botez MI, et al. "Neurologic disorders responsive to folic acid therapy." Can Med Assoc J. 1976;15:217.


Magnesium

Marz R. Medical Nutrition from Marz. 2nd Ed. 1997;386-86. Omni-Press. Portland, OR.


Supplement References


Fiber

Paulo AZ, et al. "Low-dietary fiber intake as a risk factor for recurrent abdominal pain in children." Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60(7):823-7.

Tse PWT, et al. "Dietary fibre intake and constipation in children with severe developmental disabilities." J Ped Child Health. 2000;36:236-239.

Roma E, et al. "Diet and chronic constipation in children: the role of fiber." J Ped Gastroenterol Nutr. February,1999;28(2):169-174.

Badiali D, et al. "Effect of wheat bran in the treatment of chronic, nonorganic constipation: a double-blind controlled trial" Dig Dis Sci. February,1995;40(2):349-356.

Edison T, et al. "Effect of dietary oat and soy fiber on bowel function and clinical tolerance in a tube feeding-dependent population." J Am Coll Nutr. October,1992;11(5):622/Abstract 83.

Schuster MM. "Psyllium products aid common GI disorders." Modern Med. March,1990;58:24-25.


Hydrochloric Acid

Rappaport EM. "Achlorhydria: associated symptoms and response to hydrochloric acid." N Engl J Med. May12,1955;252(19):802-805.


Acidophilus and Bifidus

"Hongisto SM, et al. "A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation." Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60(3):319-24.

Olivares M, et al. "Oral administration of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus gasseri CECT5714 and Lactobacillus coryniformis CECT5711, enhances the intestinal function of healthy adults." Int J Food Microbiol. Nov2,2005.

Koebnick C, et al. "Probiotic beverage containing Lactobacillus casei shirota improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic constipation." Can J Gastroenterol. November,2003;17(11):655-659.

Endres W. "Probiotics in the prevention of intestinal diseases in infancy." Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 2003;151(Suppl 1):S24-S26.

Ouwehand AC, et al. "Effect of probiotics on constipation, fecal azoreductase activity and fecal mucin content in the elderly." Ann Nutr Metab. 2002;46:159-162.

Madsen KL. "The use of probiotics in gastrointestinal disease." Can J Gastroenterol. December,2001;15(12):817-822.

Marteau P, Boutron-Ruault MC. "Nutritional advantages of probiotics and prebiotics." Br J Nutr. 2002;87(Suppl 2):S153-S157.

Marteau P. "Prebiotics and probiotics for gastrointestinal health." Clin Nutr. 2001;20(Suppl. 1):41-45.

Goldin BR. "Health benefits of probiotics." B J Nutr. 1998;80(Suppl. 2):S203-S207.

Zoppi G, et al. "The intestinal ecosystem in chronic functional constipation." Acta Paediatr. 1998;87:836-841.

Pedrosa MC, et al. "Survival of yogurt-containing organisms and Lactobacillus gasseri (ADH) and their effect on bacterial enzyme activity in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy and hypochlorhydric elderly subjects." Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:353-359.

Andrews TJ. "Chronic constipation reversed by restoration of bowel flora. a case and a hypothesis." Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1992;4:245-247.


Botanical References


Cascara sagrada, Berberis vulgaris, Foeniculum vulgare, Symphytum officinalis, Eugenia caryophyllata

Mitchell WA. Plant Medicine. Preparatory Manuscript; Seattle, WA; 2000.

Tilgner S. Herbal Medicine-From the Heart of the Earth. Wise Acres Press, Inc.; Creswell, OR; 1999.

Ogletree RL, Rischer RG. Physician's and Pharmacist's Guide to the Top 10 Scientifically Proven Natural Products. Natural Source Digest; 2nd Ed. Brandon, MS; 1997.

Chevallier A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. DK Publishing; New York, NY; 1996.

Murray MT. The Healing Power of Herbs. 2nd Ed. Prima Publishing; Rocklin, CA; 1995.

Ellingwood F. American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy; Botanical Vol. II. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR; 1994.

Felter HW. The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Botanical Vol. 1. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR; 1994.

Scalzo R. Naturopathic Handbook of Herbal Formulas. 3rd Ed. Kivaki Press; Durango, CO; 1994.

Ody P. The Complete Medicinal Herbal. Dorling Kindersley; New York, NY; 1993.

Stansbury JE. Botanical Medicines Acting on the Respiratory System. Preparatory Manuscript; Battleground, WA; 1992.

Stansbury JE. Pharmacognosy for the Herbal Practitioner. Preparatory Manuscript; Battleground, WA; 1992.

Thomas L. 10 Essential Herbs. Hohm Press; Prescott, AZ; 1992.

Weiss RF. Herbal Medicine. Beaconsfield Publishers LTD; Beaconsfield, England; 1991.

Hoffman D. The New Holistic Herbal. Element Inc; Rockport, MA; 1991.

Mabey R, et al. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Company; New York, NY; 1988. England;1988.

Tyler VE, et al. Pharmacognosy. 9th Ed. Lea & Febiger; Philadelphia, PA; 1988.

Wren RC. Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. The C.W. Daniel Company Limited; Essex; 1988

Carr A, et al. Rodale's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Herbs. Rodale Press; Emmaus, PA; 1987.

Mowrey DB. The Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine. Keats Publishing, Inc.; New Canaan, CT; 1986.

Beyer P. The Master Book of Herbalism. Phoenix Publishing; Custer, WA; 1984.

Goodenough J. Dr. Goodenough's Home Cures & Herbal Remedies. Avenel Books; New York, NY; 1982.

Millspaugh CF. American Medicinal Plants. Dover Publications, Inc.; New York, NY; 1974.

Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Vol. I & II; Dover Publications, Inc.; New York, NY; 1971.


Homeopathy References


Morrison R.Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms.Hahnemann Clinic Publishing; Albany, CA; 1993.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.


Other Treatment References


Exercise

Schaefer DC, Cheskin LJ. "Constipation in the elderly." Am Fam Phys. September15,1998;58(4):907-914.


Biofeedback

DiBaise JK, et al. "Biofeedback therapy for constipation." Am J Gastroenterol. January,2002;97(1):9-10.

Gilliland R, et al. "Outcome and predictors of success of biofeedback for constipation." Br J Surg. 1997;84:1123-1126.

Chiotakakou-Faliakou E, et al. "Biofeedback provides long term benefit for patients with intractable, slow and normal transit constipation." Gut. 1998;42:517-521.

Rao SSC, et al. "Effects of biofeedback therapy on anorectal function in obstructive defecation." Digest Dis Sci. November,1997;42(11):2197-2205.

Ko CY, et al. "Biofeedback is effective therapy for fecal incontinence and constipation." Arch Surg. August,1997;132:829-834.

Bassotti G, Whitehead WE. "Biofeedback, relaxation training, and cognitive behavior modification as treatments for lower functional gastrointestinal disorders." Quarterly J Med. 1997;90:545-550.

van der Plas RN, et al. "Biofeedback training in treatment of childhood constipation: a randomized controlled study." Lancet. September21,1996;348:776-780.

Bleijenberg G, Kuijpers HC. "Biofeedback treatment of constipation: a comparison of two methods." Am J Gastroenterol. July,1994;89(7):1021-1026.

Bassotti G, Whitehead WE. "Biofeedback as a treatment approach to gastrointestinal tract disorders." Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89(2):158-163

Benninga MA, et al. "Biofeedback training in chronic constipation." Arch Dis Childhood. 1993;68:126-129.

Fleshman JW, et al. "Outpatient protocol for biofeedback therapy of pelvic floor outlet obstruction." Dis Colon Rectum. January,1992;1(35)1-8.

Kawimbe AN, et al. "Outlet obstructive constipation (anismus) managed by biofeedback" Gut. 1991;32:1175-1179.


Heating Compress

Thrash A, Thrash C. Home Remedies. 1981;79-80. Thrash Publications, Seale, AL.

Boyle W, Saine A. Lectures in Naturopathic Hydrotherapy. 1988;77-81. Buckeye Naturopathic Press. East Palestine, OH.


Retrain the Bowel

Murray M, Pizzorno J. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine. 2nd Ed. 1998;141-42. Prima Publishing, Rocklin, CA.


Short Cold Bath

Thrash A, Thrash C. Home Remedies. 1981;39-41. Thrash Publications, Seale, AL.


Lead Poisoning

Phan TG, et al. "Lead poisoning from drinking kombucha tea brewed in a ceramic pot." M J A. December7/21,1998;169:644-646.

Autenrieth T, et al. "Lead poisoning caused by drinking from a greek ceramic cup." Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 1998;123:353-358.

Ward MS, et al. "Lead poisoning in an electrician: a bad substitute for a bad habit." Med J Austral. January6,1997;166:23-24.

Mesch U, et al. "Lead poisoning masquerading as chronic fatigue syndrome." Lancet. April27,1996;347:1193.

"Lead poisoning in bridge demolition workers - Georgia, 1992." Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep. May28,1993;42(20):388-390.

"Lead poisoning outside the big city." Emergency Med. February28,1991;77-78.


Hypothyroidism

McDermott MT, Ridgway EC. "Subclinical hypothyroidism is mild thyroid failure and should be treated." J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(10):4585-4590.

Sawin CT. "Subclinical hypothyroidism in older persons" Clinics Geriatric Med. May,1995;11(2):231-238.

Copyright 1998 - 2008 by L. Vicky Crouse, ND and James S. Reiley, ND. All rights reserved (ISSN 1527-0661).