Food Allergies

Addolorato G, et al. "Anxiety and depression: a common feature of health care seeking patients with irritable bowel syndrome and food allergy." Hepatogastroenterol. 1998;45:1559-1564.

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Borok GMB, et al. "Atopy: the incidence in chronic recurrent maladies." XVI Eur Cong Allergol Clin Immunol. June 24-25,1995.

Borok GMB. "Health care and food elimination." S African Med J. March,1993;83:225-226.

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Brostoff J, et al. Food Allergy and Intolerance. WB Saunders; Philadelphia, PA; 1987.

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Rowe AH, Rowe A Jr. "Perennial nasal allergy due to food sensitization." J Asthma Res. December,1965;3(2):141-154.

Caffeine

Reeves RR, et al. "Somatic dysfunction increase during caffeine withdrawal." J Am Osteop Assoc. August,1997;97(8):454-456.

Lee MA, et al. "Anxiogenic effects of caffeine on panic and depressed patients." Am J Psychiatry. May,1988;145(5):632-635.

Gilliland K, Andress D. "Ad lib caffeine consumption, symptoms of caffeinism, and academic performance." Am J Psychiatry. April,1981;138(4):512-514.

Greden JF, et al. "Anxiety and depression associated with caffeinism among psychiatric inpatients." Am J Psychiatry. August,1978;135(8):963-966.

Caffeine, Sugar, Alcohol

Christensen L, Somers S. "Comparison of nutrient intake among depressed and nondepressed individuals." Int J Eat Disord. 1996;20(1):105-109.

Christensen L. "The role of caffeine and sugar in depression." Nutr Report. March,1991;9(3):17,24.

Christensen L, Burrows R. "Dietary treatment of depression." Behavior Ther. 1990;21:183-193.

Christensen L. "Psychological distress and diet - effects of sucrose and caffeine." J Appl Nutr. 1988;40(1):44-50.

Branchey L, et al. "Ethanol impairs tryptophan transport into the brain and depresses serotonin." 1981;29(26):2751-2755.

Cottereau MJ, et al. "Alcoholism and depression." L'Encephale. 1980;6:209-226.

Aspartame

Christensen L. "Psychological distress and diet: effects of sucrose and caffeine." J Appl Nutr. 1988;40:44-50.

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

Yang WH, et al. "The monosodium glutamate symptom complex: assessment in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study." J Aller Clin Immunol. 1997;99:757-762.

Samuels A. "Monosodium glutamate (MSG)." Monograph. July,1996.

Vitamin B6

Bender DA, "Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6." Br J Nutr. 1999;81:7-20.

Wyatt KM, et al. "Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review." Br Med J. May22,1999;318:1375-1381.

Villegas-Salasc E, et al. "Effect of vitamin B6 on the side effects of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive." Contraception. 1997;55:245-248.

Leklem JE. "Vitamin B6, the pill, pregnancy and premenstrual syndrome." J Am Col Nutr. October,1992;11(5);625/Abstract 91.

Russ C, et al. "Vitamin B6 status of depressed and obsessive-compulsive patients." Nutr Rep Intl. 1983;27:867-73.

Vitamin B12

Tiemeier H, et al. "Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine in depression: The Rotterdam Study." Am J Psychiatry. December,2002;159:2099-2101.

Penninx BWJH, et al. "Vitamin B12 deficiency and depression in physically disabled older women: epidemiologic evidence from the Women's Health and Aging Study." Am J Psychiatry. May,2000;157(5):715-721.

Brennan TF, et al. "Effects of an oral vitamin B12 formulation on AIDS-related neuropathy and other symptoms: a pilot study." J Advance Med. Summer,1999;12(2):97-117.

Werbach MR. "Other nutritional strategies in chronic fatigue syndrome." J Am Col Nutr. 1996;15(5):539/Abstract 95.

Miller SM. "Old and new rationales for serum B12 and folate determinations." Clin Lab Sci. September/October,1993;6(5):272-274.

Levitt AJ, Joffe RT. "Folate, vitamin B12 and thyroid function in depression." Biol Psychiat. 1993;33:52-53.

Lindenbaum J, et al. "Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis." N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1720-1728.

Daynes G. "Cyanocobalamin in postpartum psychosis." S African Med J. August9,1975;49:1373.

Strachan RW, Henderson JG. "Psychiatric syndromes due to avitaminosis B12 with normal blood and marrow." Quarterly J Med. July,1965;34(135):303-317.

Vitamin B-Complex

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Christensen L, Somers S. "Adequacy of dietary intake of depressed individuals." Am Coll Nutr. 1994;13(6):597-600.

Carney MP. "Vitamins and mental health." Br J Hosp Med, Editorial. October21-November3,1992;48(8).

Bell IR, et al. "Brief communication: vitamins B1, B2 and B6 augmentation of tricyclic antidepressant treatment in geriatric depression with cognitive dysfunction." J Am Col Nutr. 1992;11(2):159-163.

Sterner RT, Price WR. "Restricted riboflavin: within-subject behavioral effects in humans." Am J Clin Nutr. February,1973;26:150-160.

Folic Acid

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Muskiet FAJ, Kemperman RFJ. "Folate and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in psychiatric disease." J Nutr Biochem. 2006;17(11):717-27.

Taylor MJ, Geddes J. "Folic acid as ultimate in disease prevention: Folate also improves mental health." BMJ. March27. 2004;328:768.

Bjelland I, et al. "Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and the MTHFR 677C T polymorphism in anxiety and depression: The Hordaland Homocysteine Study." Arch Gen Psychiatry. June,2003;60:618-626.

Rosche J, et al. "Low serum folate levels as a risk factor for depressive mood in patients with chronic epilepsy." J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. Winter,2003;15(1):64-66.

Bottiglieri T, et al. "Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression." J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. August,2000;69(2):228-232.

Coppen A, Bailey J. "Enhancement of the antidepressant action of fluoxetine by folic acid: a randomised, placebo controlled trial." J Affect Dis. 2000;60:121-130.

Abalan F. "Primer in folic acid: folates and neuropsychiatry." Nutr. 1999;15(7/8):595-598.

Green R, Miller JW. "Folate deficiency beyond megaloblastic anemia: hyperhomocysteinemia and other manifestations of dysfunctional folate status." Semin Hematol. January,1999;36(1):47-64.

Fava M, et al. "Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in major depressive disorder." Am J Psychiatry. March,1997;154:3:426-428.

Alpert JE, Fava M. "Nutrition and depression: the role of folate." Nutr Rev. May,1997;55(5):145-149.

Bottiglieri T. "Folate, vitamin B12, and neuropsychiatric disorders." Nutr Rev. December,1996;54(12):382-390.

Anderson DN, Abou-Saleh MT. "Tetrahydrobiopterin, folate and depression: a modified amine hypothesis." Hum Psychopharmacol. 1995;10:1-5.

Golan R. Optimal Wellness. Ballantine Books; NY, NY; 1995:359.

Wolfersdorf M, et al. "Red-cell and serum folate levels in depressed inpatients who commit violent suicide: a comparison with control groups." Pharmacopsychiate. 1995;28:77-79.

Ravakhah K, West BC. "Case report: subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord from folate deficiency." Am J Med Sci. November,1995;310(5):214-216.

Lietha R, Zimmermann M. "Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with folate deficiency in the presence of elevated serum and erythrocyte folate: a preliminary report." J Nutr Med. 1994;4:441-447.

Enzi G. "Folate status and cognitive impairment." Ageing Clin Exper Res. 1994;6:69-72.

Di Palma C, et al. "Is methylfolate effective in relieving major depression in chronic alcoholics? a hypothesis of treatment." Curr Ther Res. May,1994;55(5):559-568.

Crellin R, et al. "Folate and psychiatric disorders: clinical potential." Drugs. 1993;45(5):623-636.

Passeri M, et al. "Oral 5'-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in senile organic mental disorders with depression: results of a double-blind multicenter study." Aging (Milano). February,1993;5(1):63-71.

Rosenberg IH, Miller JW. "Nutritional factors and physical and cognitive functions of elderly people." Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:1237-43S.

Reynolds EH, et al. "Folate deficiency in depressive illness." Br J Psychiatr. 1970;117:287-292.

Inositol

Frey R, et al. "Myo-inositol in depressive and healthy subjects determined by frontal 1h-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 1.5 tesla." J Psychiatr Res. 1998;32:411-420.

Vadnal R, et al. "Role of inositol in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: basic and clinical aspects." CNS Drugs. January,1997;7(1):6-16.

Fux M, et al. "Inositol treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder." Am J Psychiat. September,1996;153(9):1219-1221.

Belmaker RH, et al. "How does lithium work on manic depression? Clinical and psychological correlates of the inositol theory." Ann Rev Med. 1996;47:47-56.

Levine J, et al. "Double-blind, controlled trial of inositol treatment of depression." Am J Psychiatry. May,1995;152(5):792-794.

Levine J, et al. "Follow-up and relapse analysis of an inositol study of depression." Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1995;32(1):14-21.

Benjamin J, et al. "Inositol treatment in psychiatry." Psychopharmacol Bull. 1995;31:167-175.

Magnesium

"Depressive symptoms and hypomagnesemia in older diabetic subjects." Arch Med Res. 2007.

Kanofsky JD. "Magnesium deficiency in chronic schizophrenia." Intl J Neurosci. 1991;61:87-90.

Hashizume, et al. "An analysis of hypermagnesemia and hypomagnesemia." Jap J Med. July/August,1990;29(4):368-472.

Shaw K, et al. "Are tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan effective treatments for depression? A meta-analysis." Aus N Z J Psychiatry. 2002;36:488-491.

Neumeister A, et al. "Tryptophan depletion: a predictor of future depressive episodes in seasonal affective disorder?" Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999;14(5):313-315.

Ellenbogen MA, et al. "Acute tryptophan depletion in healthy young women with a family history of major affective disorder." Psychol Med. 1999;29:35-46.

Cassidy F, et al. "Tryptophan depletion in recently manic patients treated with lithium." Biol Psych. 1998;43:230-232.

Neumeister A, et al. "Effects of tryptophan depletion in fully remitted patients with seasonal affective disorder during summer." Psych Med. 1998;28:257-264.

Serres F, et al. "Red blood cell L-tryptophan uptake in depression. II. Effect of an antidepressant treatment." Psychiat Res. 1997;66:87-96.

Lam RW, et al. "L-tryptophan augmentation of light therapy in patients with seasonal affective disorder." Can J Psychiat. April,1997;42:303-306.

Neumeister A, et al. "Effects of tryptophan depletion on drug-free patients with seasonal affective disorder during a stable response to bright light therapy." Arch Gen Psychiat. 1997;54:133-138.

Bellodi L, et al. "Plasma tryptophan levels and tryptophan/neutral amino acid ratios in obsessive-compulsive patients with and without depression." Psychiatry Res. 1997;69:9-15.

Maes M, et al. "Lower serum L-tryptophan availability in depression as a marker of a more generalized disorder in protein metabolism." Neuropsychopharmacol. 1996;15(3):243-251.

Maes M, et al. "Seasonal variation in plasma l-tryptophan availability in healthy volunteers: relationships to violent suicide occurrence." Arch Gen Psychiat. November,1995;52:937-945.

Benkelfat C, et al. "Tryptophan depletion in stable lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder in remission." Arch Gen Psychiat. February,1995;52:154-155.

Pilar S. "Amelioration of premenstrual depressive symptomatology with L-tryptophan." J Psych Neurosci. 1994;19(2):114-119.

Cleare AJ. "Effects of alterations in plasma tryptophan levels on aggressive feelings." Arch Gen Psychiat. December,1994;51:1004-1005.

Benkelfat C, et al. "Mood-lowering effect of tryptophan depletion: enhanced susceptibility in young men at genetic risk for major affective disorders." Arch Gen Psychiat. 1994;51:687-697.

Delgado P, et al. "Serotonin and the neurobiology of depression: effects of tryptophan depletion in drug-free depressed patients." Arch Gen Psychiat. November,1994;51:865-874.

Barr LC, et al. "Tryptophan depletion in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors." Arch Gen Psychiat. April,1994;51:309-317.

Heninger GR, et al. "Tryptophan-deficient diet and amino acid drink deplete plasma tryptophan and induce a relapse of depression in susceptible patients." J Chem Neuroanat. 1992;5:347-348.

Sandyk R. "L-tryptophan in neuropsychiatric disorders: a review." Intl J Neurosci. 1992;67:127-144.

McCance-Katz EF, et al. "Serotonergic dysfunction in depression associated with parkinson's disease." Neurol. September,1992;42:1813-1814.

Agren H, et al. "Low brain uptake of L-[11C]5-hydroxytryptophan in major depression: a positron emission tomography study on patients and healthy volunteers." Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991;83:449-455.

Zmilacher K, et al. "L-5-hydroxytryptophan alone and in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor in the treatment of depression." Neuropsychobiol. 1988;20:28-35.

Mayeux R, et al. "The relationship of serotonin to depression in Parkinson's Disease." Mov Disord. 1988;3(3):237-244.

van Praag HM. "Studies in the mechanism of action of serotonin precursors in depression." Pharmacol Bull. 1984;20(3):599-602.

van Praag HM, de Haan S. "Depression vulnerability and 5-hydroxytryptophan prophylaxis." Psychiatry Res. 1980;3:75-83.

Lehmann J. "Levodopa and depression in Parkinsonism." Lancet. January 16,1971:140.

Omega 3 Fatty Acids

Wozniak J, et al. "Omega-3 fatty acid monotherapy for pediatric bipolar disorder: A prospective open-label trial." Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007;17(6-7):440-7.

Conklin SM, et al. "Serum omega-3 fatty acids are associated with variation in mood, personality and behavior in hypercholesterolemic community volunteers." Psychiatry Res. Mar22,2007.

Nemets H, et al. "Omega-3 treatment of childhood depression: a controlled, double-blind pilot study." Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(6):1098-100.

Freeman MP, et al. "Randomized dose-ranging pilot trial of omega-3 fatty acids for postpartum depression." Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006;113(1):31-5.

Sublette ME, et al "Omega-3 polyunsaturated essential fatty acid status as a predictor of future suicide risk." Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(6):1100-2.

Parker G, et al. "Omega-3 fatty acids and mood disorders." Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(6):969-78.

Frangou S, et al. "Efficacy of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in bipolar depression: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study." Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:46-50.

Kamphuis MH, et al. "Depression and cardiovascular mortality: a role for n-3 fatty acids?" Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(6):1513-1517.

Raeder MB, et al. "Associations between cod liver oil use and symptoms of depression: The Hordaland Health Study." J Affect Disord. Dec18,2006.

McNamara RK, et al. "Selective deficits in the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of patients with major depressive disorder." Biol Psychiatry. Dec21,2006.

Parker GB, et al. "Low levels of docosahexaenoic acid identified in acute coronary syndrome patients with depression." Psychiatry Res. Feb22,2006.

Suzuki S, et al. "Daily omega-3 fatty acid intake and depression in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer." Br J Cancer. 2004;90(4):787-793.

"Depression linked to lower omega-3 fatty acid levels." Fam Prac News. April15,2004:54.

Tiemeier H, et al. "Plasma fatty acid composition and depression are associated in the elderly: The Rotterdam Study." Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78:40-46.

Chiu C-C, et al. "Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in pregnancy." Am J Psychiatry. February,2003;160:385.

Puri BK, et al. "Eicosapentaenoic acid in treatment-resistant depression." Arch Gen Psychiatry. January,2002;59:91-92.

Bruinsma KA, Taren DL. "Dieting, essential fatty acid intake, and depression." Nutr Rev. April,2000;58(4):98-108.

Maes M, et al. "Lowered w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids and cholesteryl esters of depressed patients." Psychiatry Res. 1999;85:275-291.

Stoll AL, et al. "Omega-3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." Arch Gen Psychiatry. May,1999;56:407-412.

Peet M, et al. "Depletion of omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cell membranes of depressive patients." Biol Psych. 1998;43:315-319.

Edwards R, et al. "Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in the diet and in red blood cell membranes of depressed patients." J Affect Disord. 1998;48:149-155.

Maes M, et al. "Fatty acid composition in major depression: decreased þ-3 fractions in cholesteryl esters and increased C20:4þ6/C20:5þ3 ratio in cholesteryl esters and phospholipids." J Affect Disord. 1996;38:35-46.

Adams PB, et al. "Arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ratio in blood correlates positively with clinical symptoms of depression." Lipids. 1996(Suppl.):31:S-157-S-161.

Hibbeln JR, Salem N, "Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: when cholesterol does not satisfy." Am J Clin Nut. 1995;62:1-9.

L-Carnitine

Rossini M, Di Munno O. "Double-blind, multicenter trial comparing acetyl l-carnitine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients." Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25(2):182-8.

Zanardi R, Smeraldi E. "A double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial of acetyl-l-carnitine vs. amisulpride in the treatment of dysthymia." Eur Neurophyschopharmacol. Nov25,2005.

Gecele M, et al. "Acetyl-L-carnitine in aged subjects with major depression: clinical efficacy and effects on the circadian rhythm of cortisol." Dementia. 1991;2:333-337.

Tempesta E, et al. "L-acetylcarnitine in depressed elderly subjects. A cross-over study versus placebo." Drugs, Exper Clin Res. 1987;13(7):417-423.

NADH

Birkmayer JGD, Birkmayer W. "The coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as biological antidepressive agent: experience with 205 patients." New Trends Clin Neuropharmacol. 1992;1-7.

Chouinard G, et al. "Tryptophan-nicotinamide, imipramine and their combination in depression: a controlled study." Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1979;59:395-414.

Chouinard G, et al. "Tryptophan-nicotinamide concentration in depression." Lancet. January29,1977:249.

S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM)

Williams AL, et al. "S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as treatment for depression: a systematic review." Clin Invest Med. 2005;28(3):132-9.

Mischoulon D, Fava M. "Role of s-adenosyl-l-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence." Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(suppl):1158S-1161S.

Nguyen M, Gregan A. "S-adenosylmethionine and depression." Aust Fam Physician. April,2002;31(4):339-343.

Chavez M. "SAMe: s-adenosylmethionine." Am J Health-Syst Pharm. January1,2000;57:119-123.

Tavoni A, et al. "Evaluation of s- adenosylmethionine in secondary fibromyalgia: a double-blind study." Clin Exper Rheumatol. 1998:106-107.

Spillmann M, Fava M. "S-adenosylmethionine (ademetionine) in psychiatric disorders: historical perspective and current status." CNS Drugs. December,1996;6(6):416-425.

Bressa GM. "S-adenosyl-l-methionine (same) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies." Acta Neurol Scand. 1994;154(Suppl.):7-14.

Bell KM, et al. "S-adenosylmethionine blood levels in major depression: changes with drug treatment." Acta Neurol Scand. 1994;154(Suppl.):15-18.

Criconia AM, et al. "Results of treatment with s-adenosyl-l-methionine in patients with major depression and internal illnesses." Cur Ther Res. June,1994;55(6):666-674.

Agricola R, et al. "S-adenosyl-l-methionine in the treatment of major depression complicating chronic alcoholism." Cur Ther Res. January,1994;55(1):83-91.

Grassetto M, Varotto A. "Primary fibromyalgia is responsive to s-adenosyl-l-methionine." Cur Ther Res. July,1994;55(7):797-806.

Salmaggi P, et al. "Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of s-adenosyl-l-methionine in depressed postmenopausal women." Psychother Psychosom. 1993;59:34-40.

De Vanna M, Rigamonti R. "Oral s-adenosyl-l-methionine in depression." Curr Ther Res. September,1992;52(3):478-485.

Bottiglieri T, et al. "Cerebrospinal fluid s-adenosylmethionine in depression and dementia: effects of treatment with parenteral and oral s-adenosylmethionine." J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53:1096-1098.

Reynolds EH, et al. "Methylation and mood." Lancet. July28,1984:196-198.

DHEA

Rabkin JG, et al. "Placebo-controlled trial of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for treatment of nonmajor depression in patients with HIV/AIDS." Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(1):59-66.

Schmidt PJ, et al. "Dehydroepiandrosterone monotherapy in midlife-onset major and minor depression." Arch Gen Psychiatry. Feb,2005;62:154-162.

Morrison MF, et al. "DHEA-S levels and depressive symptoms in a cohort of African American and caucasian women in the late reproductive years." Biol Psychiatry. 2001;50:705-711.

Wolkowitz OM, et al. "Double-blind treatment of major depression with dehydroepiandrosterone." Am J Psychiatry. April,1999;156(4):646-649.

Scott LV, et al. "Differences in adrenal steroid profile in chronic fatigue syndrome, in depression and in health." J Affect Disord. 1999;54:129-137.

Wolkowitz OM, et al. "Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment of depression." Biol Psychiatry. 1997;41:311-318.

Phenylalanine

Sabelli HC, et al. "Clinical studies on the phenylethylamine hypothesis of affective disorder: urine and blood phenylacetic acid and phenylalanine dietary supplements." J Clin Psychiatry. February,1986;47(2): 66-70.

Simonson M. "L-phenylalanine." J Clin Psychiatry. August,1985;46(8):355.

Beckmann H, et al. "DL-phenylalanine in depressed patients: an open study." J Neural Transmission. 1977;41:123-134.

Phosphatidylserine

Maggioni M, et al. "Efffects of phosphatidylserine therapy in geriatric patients with depressive disorders." Acta Psych Scand. 1990;81:265-270.

Hypericum perforatum

Szegedi A, et al. "Acute treatment of moderate to severe depression with Hypericum extract WS 5570 (St. John's wort): randomized controlled double blind non-inferiority trial versus Paroxetine." BMJ USA, May,2005;5:160-165.

Walsh N. "Herbal combo for depression." Fam Prac News. January15,2004;38.

Mayers AG, et al. "Use of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum l) in members of a depression self-help organisation: a 12-week open prospective pilot study using the HADS scale." Prim Care Psychiatry. 2003;9(1):15-20.

Cala S, et al. "A survey of herbal use in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder or depression." Pharmacotherapy. 2003;23(2):222-230.

Davidson JRT, et al. "Effect of hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial." JAMA. April10,2002;287(14):1807-1814.

Kasper S, Daniel A. "Cluster analysis of symptoms during antidepressant treatment with hypericum extract in mildly to moderately depressed out-patients. A meta-analysis of data from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials." Psychopharmacol (Berl). November,2002;164(3):301-308.

Lecrubier Y, et al. "Efficacy of St. John's wort extract WS 5570 in major depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." Am J Psychiatry. August,2002;159(8):1361-1366.

Kaufeler R, et al. "Efficacy and tolerability of ZE 117 St. John's wort extract in comparison with placebo, imipramine and fluoxetine for the treatment of mild to moderate depression according to ICD-10. An overview." Pharmacopsychiatry. 2001;34(Suppl 1):S49-S50.

Nathan PJ. "Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort): a non-selective reuptake inhibitor? a review of recent advances in its pharmacology." J Psychopharmacol. 2001;15(1):47-54.

Shelton RC, et al. "Effectiveness of St. John's Wort in major depression: a randomized controlled trial." JAMA. April 18. 2001;285(15):1978-1986. (Address: Richard C. Shelton. M.D.. E- mail: richard.shelton@mcmail.vanderbilt.

Schrader E, et al. "Equivalence of St. John's Wort extract (ZE 117) and fluoxetine: a randomized, controlled study in mild-moderate depression." Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000;15(2):61-68.

Brenner R, et al. "Comparison of an extract of hypericum (LI 160) and sertraline in the treatment of depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot study." Clin Ther. 2000;22(4):411-419.

Gaster B, Holroyd J. "St. John's Wort for depression." Arch Intern Med. January24,2000;160:152-156.

Vorbach EU, et al. "St. John's Wort: a potential therapy for elderly depressed patients?" Drugs Aging. March,2000;16(3):189-197.

Woelk H. "Comparison of St. John's Wort and imipramine for treating depression: randomised controlled trial." Br Med J. September2,2000;321:536-539.

Harrer G, et al. "Comparison of equivalence between the St. John's Wort extract Lohyp-57 and fluoxetine." Arzneimittelforschung. April,1999;49(4):289-296.

Philipp M, et al. "Hypericum extract versus imipramine or placebo in patients with moderate depression: randomized multicentre study of treatment for eight weeks." BMJ. December11,1999;319:1534-1539.

Kim HL, et al. "St. John's Wort for depression: a meta-analysis of well-defined clinical trials." J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999;187(9):532-539.

Josey ES, Tackett RL. "St. John's Wort: a new alternative for depression?" Intl J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;37(3):111-119.

Benjamin SD. "St. John's Wort and depression." Patient Care. August15,1999;29-30,33.

Wheatley D. "Hypericum in seasonal affective disorder (sad)." Curr Med Res Opinion. 1999;15(1):33-37.

Wagner PJ, et al. "Taking the edge off: why patients choose St. John's Wort." J Fam Pract. August,1999;48(8):615-619.

Laakmann G, et al. "St. John's Wort in mild to moderate depression: the relevance of hyperforin for the clinical efficacy." Pharmacopsychiat. 1998;31(Suppl):54-59.

Hippius H. "St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) - a herbal antidepressant." Cur Med Res Opinion. 1998;14(3):171-184.

Muller WE. "Hyperforin represents the neurotransmitter reuptake inhibiting constituent of hypericum extract." Pharmacopsych. 1998;31(Suppl.1):16-21.

Lieberman S. "Nutraceutical review of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) for the treatment of depression." J Women's Health. 1998;7(2):177-182.

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Mueller BM. "St. John's wort for depressive disorders: results of an outpatient study with the Hypericum preparation HYP 811." Adv Nat Ther. 1998:109-116.

Wheatley D. "Hypericum extract: potential in the treatment of depression." CNS Drugs. June,1998;9(6):431-440.

Muller WE. "St. John's wort (hypericum), the story goes on." Pharmacopsych. 1998;31(Suppl. 1):1.

Bennett DA, et al. "Neuropharmacology of St. John's Wort (Hypericum)." Ann Pharmacother. 1998;32:1201-1208.

Cott JM. "In vitro receptor binding and enzyme inhibition by Hypericum perforatum extract." Pharmacopsychiat. 1997;30(Suppl.):108-112.

Wheatley D. "LI 160, an extract of St. John's wort, versus amitriptyline in trial." Pharmacopsych. 1997;30(Suppl.):77-80.

Vorbach EU, et al. "Efficacy and tolerability of St. John's wort extract LI 160 versus imipramine in patients with severe depressive episodes according to ICD-10." Pharmacopsych. 1997;30(Suppl.):81-85.

Volz HP. "Controlled clinical trials of hypericum extracts in depressed patients - an overview." Pharmacopsychiat. 1997;30(Suppl.):72-76.

Baureithel KH, et al. "Inhibition of benzodiazepine binding in vitro by amentoflavone, a constituent of various species of hypericum." Pharm Acta Helv. June,1997;72(3):153-157.

Linde K, et al. "St. John's wort for depression -- an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials." Br Med J. 1996;313:253-8.

De Smet PAGM, Nolen WA. "St. John's wort as an antidepressant." Br Med J. 1996;313.

Perovic S, Muller WE. "Pharmacological profile of hypericum extract. Effect on serotonin uptake by postsynaptic receptors." Arzneimittelforschung. November,1995;45(11):1145-1148.

Ernst E. "St. John's wort, an anti-depressant? a systematic, criteria-based review." Phytomed. 1995;2(1):67-71.

Witte B, et al. "Treatment of depressive symptoms with a high concentration of hypericum preparation. a multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind study." Fortschr Med. October10,1995;113(28):404-408.

Harrer G, Schulz V. "Clinical investigation of the antidepressant effectiveness of hypericum." J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7(Suppl. 1 ):S6-S8.

Hubner W-D, et al. "Hypericum treatment of mild depressions with somatic symptoms." J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7(Suppl. 1):S12-S14.

Hansgen K-D, et al. "Multicenter double-blind study examining the antidepressant effectiveness of the hypericum extract LI 160." J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7(Suppl. 1):S15-S18.

Vorbach E-U, et al. "Effectiveness and tolerance of the hypericum extract LI 160 in comparison with imipramine: randomized double-blind study with 135 outpatients." J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7(Suppl. 1):S19-S23.

Harrer G, et al. "Effectiveness and tolerance of the hypericum extract LI 160 compared to maprotiline: a multicenter double-blind study." J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7(Suppl. 1):S24-S28.

Woelk H, et al. "Benefits and risks of the hypericum extract LI 160: drug monitoring study with 3250 patients." J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7(Suppl. 1):S34-S38.

Wagner H, et al. "Pharmaceutical quality of hypericum extracts." J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994;7(Suppl. 1):S65-S68.

Schmidt U, Sommer H. "St. John's Wort extract in the ambulatory therapy of depression. attention and reaction ability are preserved." Fortschr Med. July,1993;111(19):339-342.

Muldner VH, Zoller M. "Antidepressive effect of a hypericum extract standardized to the active hypericine complex: biochemistry and clinical studies." Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res. 1984;34(2 part 8):918.

Gingko biloba

Sealey R. "Surviving unipolar depression - the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba." J Orthomol Med. 1996;11(3):168-172.

Kleijnen J, et al. "Gingko biloba." Lancet. 1992;340:1136-9.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.

Exercise

De Moor MH, et al. "Regular exercise, anxiety, depression and personality: a population-based study." Prev Med. 2006;42(4):273-9.

Teri L, et al. "Exercise plus behavioral management in patients with Alzheimer's Disease: a randomized controlled trial." JAMA. October15,2003;290(15):2015-2022.

Dimeo F, et al. "Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: a pilot study." Br J Sports Med. 2001;35:114-117.

Gowans SE, et al. "Effect of a randomized, controlled trial of exercise on mood and physical function in individuals with fibromyalgia." Arthritis Care Res. December,2001;45(6):519-529.

Matheson GO. "Is exercise brain food?" Physician Sportsmed. November,2000;28(11):5.

Paluska SA, Schwenk TL. "Physical activity and mental health: current concepts." Sports Med. March,2000;29(3):167-180.

Meyer T, Broocks A. "Therapeutic impact of exercise on psychiatric diseases: guidelines for exercise testing and prescription." Sports Med. October,2000;30(4):269-279.

Herrmann C, et al. "Effects of anxiety and depression on 5-year mortality in 5057 patients referred for exercise testing." J Psychosom Res. 2000;48:455-462.

Blumenthal JA, et al. "Effects of exercise training on older patients with major depression." Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:2349-2356.

Russo-Neustadt A, et al. "Exercise, antidepressant medications, and enhanced brain derived neurotrophic factor expression." Neuropsychopharmacol. 1999;21(5):679-682.

Lavie CJ, et al. "Exercise lifts depression for women with CAD." Am J Cardiol. May15,1999;83:1480-1483.

Lavie CJ, Milani RV. "The effects of cardiac rehabilitation, exercise training, and weight reduction on exercise capacity, coronary risk factors, behavioral characteristics, and quality of life in obese coronary patients." A J Cardiol. 1997;79:397-401.

Parr RB. "Exercising when you're overweight: getting in shape and shedding pounds." Phys Sportsmed. October,1996;24(10):81-82.

Elrick H. "Exercise is medicine." Phys Sports Med. February,1996;24(2):72-78.

Will PM, et al. "Prescribing exercise for health: a simple framework for primary care." Am Fam Phys. February1,1996;579-585.

Elrick H. "Exercise - the best prescription." Phys Sports Med. February,1996;24(2):79-80.

Stamford B. "The role of exercise in fighting depression." Phys Sports Med. December,1995;23(12):79-80.

Coyle C. "Aerobic exercise training and depressive symptomatology in adults with physical disabilities." Arch Physical Med Rehab. 1995;76:647-652.

Blair SN. "Exercise For health: WHO/FIMS committee on physical activity for health." Bulletin WHO. 1995;73(2):135-136.

Coyle C. "Aerobic exercise training and depressive symptomatology in adults with physical disabilities." Arch Physical Med Rehab. 1995;76:647-652.

Weyerer S, Kupfer B. "Physical exercise and psychological health." Sports Med. 1994;17(2):108-116.

McMurdo M, Rennie L. "A controlled trial of exercise by residents of old people's homes." Age Ageing. 1993;22:11-15.

Weyerer S. "Physical inactivity and depression in community: evidence from the upper Bavarian Field Study." Intl J Sports Med. 1992;13(6):492-496.

Norris R, et al. "The effects of physical activity and exercise training on physical stress and well-being in an adolescent population." J Psychosom Res. 1992;36(1):55-65.

Martinsen EW, et al. "Effects of aerobic exercise on depression: a controlled study." BMJ. July13,1985;291:109.

MAO Inhibitors and Tyramine

Marz RB. Medical Nutrition from Marz, 2nd ed. Omni Press; Portland, OR; 1997:455.

Sunlight

"Effective treatment for winter depression." Patient Care, January 15, 1999;19.

Eastman CI, et al. "Bright light treatment of winter depression: a placebo-controlled trial." Arch Gen Psychiatry. October,1998;55:883-889.

Dam H, et al. "Prevalence of winter depression in Denmark." Acta Psych Scand. 1998;97:1-4.

Kripke DF. "Light treatment for nonseasonal major depression: are we ready?" Season Affect Disorder Beyond: Light Treat SAD Non-SAD Condit. 1998;6:159-172.

Lewy AJ, et al, "Morning vs evening light treatment of patients with winter depression." Arch Gen Psychiatry. October,1998;55:890-896.

Terman M, et al. "A controlled trial of timed bright light and negative air ionization for treatment of winter depression." Arch Gen Psychiatry. October,1998;55:875-882.

Modica P. "Serotonin rise may explain effects of light therapy." Med Trib. February20,1997;8.

Zal HM. "Seasonal affective disorder: how to lighten the burden of 'winter depression'." Consultant. March,1997;641-649.

Maltz G. "Light therapy shown useful beyond seasonal affective disorder." Fam Prac News. January1,1996;34.

Rice J, et al. "Effect of light therapy on salivary melatonin in seasonal affective disorder." Psychiat Res. 1995;56:221-228.

Thalen BE, et al. "Light treatment in seasonal and nonseasonal depression." ACTA Psychiat Scand. 1995;91:352-360.

Lam RW "Morning light therapy for winter depression: predictors of response." ACTA Psychiat Scand. 1994;89:97-101.

Rao ML, et al. "Blood serotonin, serum melatonin and light therapy in healthy subjects and in patients with nonseasonal depression." ACTA Psychiat Scand. 1992;86:127-132.

Bielski RJ, et al. "Phototherapy with spectrum white fluorescent light: a comparative study." Psychiat Res. 1992;43:167-175.

Sardi B. "Documented health benefits of light." Townsend Letter. November,1992;950-955.

Low Cholesterol and Depression

Terao T, et al. "Low serum cholesterol levels and depressive state in human dock visitors." Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;101:231-234.

Partonen T, et al. "Association of low serum total cholesterol with major depression and suicide." Br J Psychiatry. 1999;175:259-262.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hlatky MA, et al. "Quality-of-life and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women after receiving hormone therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) trial." JAMA. February6,2002;287(5):591-597.

Testosterone

Rabkin JG, et al. "Testosterone versus fluoxetine for depression and fatigue in HIV/AIDS: a placebo-controlled trial." J Clin Psychopharmacol. August,2004;24(4):379-385.

Pugh PJ, et al. "Testosterone treatment for men with chronic heart failure." Heart. 2004;90:446-447.

Seidman SN. "Testosterone deficiency and mood in aging men: pathogenic and therapeutic interactions." World J Biol Psychiatry. 2003;4:14-20.

Morley JE. "Testosterone and behavior." Clin Geriat Med. 2003;19:605-616.

Solvent and Pesticide Exposure

Stallones L, Beseler C. "Pesticide poisoning and depressive symptoms among farm residents." Ann Epidemiol. August,2002;12(6):389-394.

Caccappolo-van Vliet E, et al. "Anxiety sensitivity and depression in multiple chemical sensitivities and asthma." J Occup Environ Med. October,2002;44(10):890-901.

Morrow LA, et al. "Increased incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders in persons with organic solvent exposure." Psychosom Med. 2000;62:746-750.

Yoga

Streeter CC, et al. "Yoga asana sessions increase brain GABA levels: a pilot study." J Alter Complement Med. 2007;13(4):419-26.

John PJ, et al. "Effectiveness of yoga therapy in the treatment of migraine without aura: a randomized controlled trial." Headache: J Head Face Pain. 2007;47(5):654-61.

Thyroid

Nierenberg AA, et al. "A comparison of lithium and T3 augmentation following two failed medication treatments for depression: A STAR*D Report." Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(9):1519-1530.

Kirkegaard C, Faber J. "The role of thyroid hormones in depression." Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;138:1-9.

Bauer M, et al. "Treatment of refractory depression with high-dose thyroxine." Neuropsychopharmacol. 1998; 18(6):444-455.

Aronson R, et al. "Triiodothyronine augmentation in the treatment of refractory depression: a meta-analysis." Arch Gen Psych. September,1996;53:842-848.

Wiersinga WM. "Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism: prevalence in clinical relevance." Netherlands J Med. 1995;46:197-204.

Nomura J, et al. "Thyroid function and mood: implications for treatment of mood disorders." CNS Drugs. 1994;1(5):356-369.

Haggerty JJ, et al. "Subclinical hypothyroidism: a modifiable risk factor for depression?" Am J Psychiat. March3,1993;150:508-510.

Bell IR, et al. "Low thyroxine levels in female psychiatric patients with riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency: implications for folate dependent methylation." ACTA Psychiatrica Scand. 1992;85:360-363.

Gaby AR. "Treatment with thyroid hormone." JAMA. October6,1989;262(13):1774.

Copyright 1998 - 2008 by L. Vicky Crouse, ND and James S. Reiley, ND. All rights reserved (ISSN 1527-0661).