Below are supplemental abstracts and references of research that support the conclusions on the treatment for Macular Degeneration

. Diet and Nutrition References


Free Radicals

Olin KL, et al. "Trace element status and free radical defense in elderly Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) with macular drusen." PSEBM. 1995;208:370-377.

Murry M, et al. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, 2nd ed. Prima Publishing; Rockland, CA; 1998:623.


Yellow Vegetables

Hammond BR Jr, Johnson MA. "Dietary prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration." Recent Res Devel Nutr. 2002;5:43-68.

Colchamiro R. "Pigments in fruits, vegetables fight cancer, aid vision." Medical Tribune. December,1999:8.

Goldberg J, et al. "Factors associated with age-related macular degeneration: an analysis of data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Am J Epidemiol. 1988;128(4):700-710.


Wine

Bastianetto S. "Red wine consumption and brain aging." Nutrition. 2002;18(4):432-433.

Obisesan TO, et al. "Moderate wine consumption is associated with decreased odds of developing age-related macular degeneration in NHANES-1." J Am Geriat Soc. 1998;46:1-7.

Watson V. "Wine consumption decreases risk of age-related blindness." Med Trib. June5,1997;7.


Fish

Finn R. "Eating fish may stave off macular degeneration." Fam Prac News. February1,2004:28.

"Macular degeneration and fish consumption." Arch Ophthalmol. March,2000;118:401-404.


Saturated Fat

Seddon JM, et al. "Dietary fat and risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration." Arch Opthalmol. August,2001;119:1191-1199.

Cho E, et al. "Prospective study of dietary fat and the risk of age-related macular degeneration." Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:209-218.


Vitamin and Mineral References


Antioxidants, Carotenoids

Bone RA, et al. "Lutein and zeaxanthin dietary supplements raise macular pigment density and serum concentrations of these carotenoids in humans." J Nutr. 2003;133:992-998.

Falsini B, et al. "Influence of short-term antioxidant supplementation on macular function in age-related maculopathy: a pilot study including electrophysiologic assessment." Ophthalmol. January,2003;110(1):51-61.

Taylor HR, et al. "Vitamin E supplementation and macular degeneration: randomised controlled trial." BMJ. July6,2002;325:11-16.

Scorolli L, Scalinci SZ. "Photodynamic therapy in macular degeneration with and without antioxidant therapy." Can J Ophthalmol. 2002;37(7):399-404.

Abramson DH, Abramson HS. "High-dose supplements for age-related macular degeneration: Did you leave out Centrum?" Arch Ophthalmol. November,2002;120:1602.

Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. "A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high- dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS Report No. 8." Arch Ophthalmol. October,2001;119:1417-1436.

Mares-Perlman JA, et al. "Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the diet and serum and their relation to age-related maculopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153(5):424-432.

Delcourt C, et al. "Age-related macular degeneration and antioxidant status in the POLA Study." Arch Ophthalmol. October,1999;117:1384-1390.

Jacques PF. "The potential preventive effects of vitamins for cataract and age-related macular degeneration." Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1999;69(3):198-205.

Belda JI, et al. "Serum vitamin E levels negatively correlate with severity of age-related macular degeneration." Mech Ageing Dev. 1999;107:159-164.

Smith W, et al. "Dietary antioxidants and age-related maculopathy: The Blue Mountains Eye Study." Ophthalmol. April,1999;106(4):761-767.

Christen WG. "Antioxidant vitamins and age-related eye disease." Proc Assoc Am Physicians. January/February,1999;11(1):16-21.

Delcourt C, et al. "Associations of antioxidant enzymes with cataract and age-related macular degeneration." Ophthalmol. February,1999;106(2):215-222.

"AHF sponsors international symposium on the role of lycopene and tomato products in disease prevention." Prim Care Cancer. April,1997;17(4):30-32.

Landrum JT, et al. "The macular pigment: a possible role in protection from age-related macular degeneration." Adv Pharmacol. 1997;38:537-555.

Charleux JL. "Beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E: the protective micronutrients." Nutr Rev. November,1996;54(11):S109-S114.

Christen WG, et al. "Antioxidants and age-related eye disease: current and future prospectives." Annal Epidemiol. 1996;6:60-66.

Blumberg J. "The requirement for vitamins in aging and age-associated degenerative conditions." Vitamin Intake in Human Nutrition, Basel, Karger. 1995;52:108-115.

Mares-Perlman JA, et al. "Serum antioxidants and age-related macular degeneration in a population-based case-control study." Arch Ophthalmol. December,1995;113:1518-1522.

Snodderly D. "Evidence for protection against age-related macular degeneration by carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins." Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62(Suppl.):1448S-61S.

Christen WG. "Antioxidants and eye disease." Am J Med. September26,1994;97(Suppl 3A)/3A-14S-3A-17S.

Newsome DA. "Role of antioxidants in macular degeneration: an update." Ophthalmic Prac. 1994;12:4:169-171.

Bunce GE. "Nutrition and eye disease of the elderly." J Nutr Biochem. February,1994;5:66-76.

West S, et al. "Are antioxidants or supplements protective for age-related macular degeneration?" Arch Ophthalmol. February,1994;112:222-227.

Johnson LE. "The merging role of vitamins as antioxidants." Arch Fam Med. September,1994;3:809-820.

Mares-Perlman JA, et al. "Relationship between age-related maculopathy and intake of vitamin and mineral supplements." Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. (Abstract)Suppl.V;1993;34:1133.

Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. "Antioxidant status and neovascular age-related macular degeneration." Arch Ophthalmol. January,1993;111:104-109.

Seddon J, et al. "Dietary antioxidant status and age related macular degeneration: a multicenter study." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34:1133(Abstract #2122).

Schalch W. "Carotenoids in the retina - a review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen." Free Radicals and Ageing, Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Switzerland, 1992;280-298.

Taylor A. "Effect of nutrition on cataract and macular degeneration." Beyond Nutrition: New Views on the Function and Health Effects of Vitamins, New York Academy of Sciences. February9-12,1992;10.

Johnson K, Kligman EW. "Preventive nutrition: disease-specific dietary interventions for older adults." Geriatrics. October,1992;47:39-49.

Gerster H. "Review: antioxidant protection of the ageing macula." Age Ageing. 1991;20:60-69.

Olson RJ. "Supplemental antioxidant vitamins and minerals in patients with macular degeneration." J Am Col Nutr. October,1991;10(5):550/Abstract52.

Olson RJ, et al. "Antioxidants and macular degeneration." J Cataract Refract Surg. March,1991;17:245-246.

Augsburger A. "Macular degeneration: medical treatment may help slow progression." Geriatrics. October,1991;46(10):17.

Seddon JM. "Nutritional factors in age-related macular degeneration." J Am Col Nutr. October,1991;10(5):540/Abstract23.

Hayes KC. "Retinal degeneration in monkeys induced by deficiencies of vitamin E or A." Invest Ophthalmol. July,1974;13(7):499-510.


Zinc

The Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. "The effect of five-year zinc supplementation on serum zinc, serum cholesterol and hematocrit in persons randomly assigned to treatment group in The Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 7." J Nutr. 2002;132:697-702.

Grahn BH, et al. "Zinc and the eye." J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20(2):106-118.

Sandstead HH, Egger NG. "Is zinc nutriture a problem in persons with diabetes mellitus?" Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:681-682.

Stur M, et al. "Oral zinc and the second eye in age-related macular degeneration." Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. June,1996;37(7):1225-1235.

Mares-Perlman JA, et al. "Association of zinc and antioxidant nutrients with age-related maculopathy." Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:991-997.

Newsome DA, et al. "Zinc content of human retinal pigment epithelium decreases with age and macular degeneration, but superoxide dismutase activity increases." J Trace Elem Exper Med. 1995;8:193-199.

Hartstein J, et al. "Editorial: zinc and macular degeneration." Annal Ophthalmol. 1995;27(4):194-196.

Beaumont P, Trempe CL. "Zinc and macular degeneration." Arch Ophthalmol. August,1993;111:1023.

Hawkins WR. "Zinc supplements: are there ophthalmologic indications?" Ophthalmol. June,1992;99(6):841.

Barker S. "Zinc sulfate for macular degeneration." Geriatric Consult. May/June,1992;23,28.

Newsome DA, et al. "Zinc uptake by primate retinal pigment epithelium and choroid." Current Eye Res. 1992;11(3):213-217.

Newsome DA, et al. "Trace element and antioxidant economy of the human macula: can dietary supplementation influence the course of macular degeneration?" J Am Col Nutr. October,1991;10(5);536/Abstract12.

Prasad AS. "Therapeutic role of zinc in disease states." Nutr MD. May,1991;17(5):1-2.

Springer V. "Zinc and macular degeneration." Nutr Reviews. July,1990;40(7):286-287.

Farber ME, Farber AS. "Macular degeneration: a devastating but treatable disease." Postgrad Med. August,1990;88(2):181-183.

Barker S. "Special report zinc: sight saver for the elderly." Geriatric Consult. March/April,l989;25-29.

Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. "Therapeutic use of zinc and macular degeneration." Arch Ophthalmol. December,1989;107:1723-1724.

Wyszynski RE, et al. "A donor-age-dependent change in the activity of alpha-mannosidase in human cultured RPE cells." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. November,1989;30(11):2341-2347.

Newsome DA, et al. "Oral zinc in macular degeneration." Arch Ophthalmol. February,1988;106:192-198.


Zinc, Selenium

Gaby AR, Wright JV. "Nutritional factors in degenerative eye disorders: cataract and macular degeneration." J Adv Med. Spring,1993;6(1):27-40.

Wright JV, et al. "Improvement of vision in macular degeneration associated with intravenous zinc and selenium therapy: Two cases." J Nutr Med. 1990;1:133-138.


Supplement References


Glutathione

Samiec PS, et al. "Glutathione in human plasma: decline in association with aging, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetes." Free Rad Biol Med. 1998;24(5):699-704.


Taurine

Wallace DR, et al. "Decreased plasma taurine in aged rats." Gerontol. 1990;36:19-27.


Anthocyanadins

Walsh N. "Bilberry extract for night vision." Fam Prac News. July15,2004:21.

Caselli L. "Clinical and electroretinographic study of the activity of anthocyanosides." Arch Med Intl. 1985(37):29-35.


Botanical References


Ginkgo biloba

Diamond BJ, et al. "Ginkgo biloba extract: mechanisms and clinical indications." Arch Phys Med Rehabil. May,2000;81:668-678.

Blostre F. "From the body to the cellular membranes: The different levels of pharmacological action of Ginkgo boloba extract." In: Rokan (Ginkgo biloba) - Recent Results in Pharmacology and Clinic. Springer-Veriag; NY, NY;1988;180-89.

Lebuisson DA, et al. "Treatment of senile macular degeneration with Ginkgo biloba extract. A preliminary double-blind, drug versus placebo study." Presse Med. 1986;15:1556-1558.


Homeopathy References


Morrison R.Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms.Hahnemann Clinic Publishing; Albany, CA; 1993.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.


Other Treatment References


Smoking

McCarty CA, et al. "Risk factors for age-related maculopathy: the visual impairment project." Arch Ophthalmol. October,2001;119:1455-1462.

Delcourt C, et al. "Smoking and age-related macular degeneration." Arch Ophthalmol. August, 1998;116:1031-1035.

Christen WG, et al. "A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of age-related macular degeneration in men." JAMA. October9,1996;276(14):1147-1151.

Seddon JM, et al. "A prospective study of cigarette smoking and age-related macular degeneration in women." JAMA. October9,1996;276(14):1141-1146.

"Risk factors for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group." Arch Ophthalmol. December,1992;110:1701-1708.


Ultraviolet Light

Delcourt C, et al. "Light exposure and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: The Pathologies Oculaires Liees a l' age (POLA) Study." Arch Ophthalmol. October,2001;119:1463-1468.

Young RW. "Solar radiation and age-related macular degeneration." Surv Ophthalmol. January/February,1988;32(4):252-269.

Copyright 1998 - 2008 by L. Vicky Crouse, ND and James S. Reiley, ND. All rights reserved (ISSN 1527-0661).