References for Memory Loss - Natural Medical Protocols

Below are supplemental abstracts and references of research that support the conclusions on the treatment for Memory Loss

Food Allergies

Bell IR, et al. "Symptom and personality profiles of young adults from a college student population with self-reported illness from foods and chemicals." J Am Coll Nutr. 1993;12(6):693-702.

Vitamin and Mineral References

Vitamin B1

Ambrose ML, et al. "Thiamine treatment and working memory function of alcohol-dependent people: preliminary findings." Alcohol Clin Exp Res. January,2001;25(1):112-116.

Benton D, et al. "The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on cognitive functioning." Psychopharmacol. 1995;117:298-305.

Meador KJ, et al. "Evidence for a central cholinergic effect of high dose thiamine." Ann Neurol. 1993;344:7244-6.

Vitamin B6

Bryan J, et al. "Short-term folate, vitamin B-12 or vitamin B-6 supplementation slightly affects memory performance but not mood in women of various ages." J Nutr. 2002;132:1345-1356.

Deijen JB, et al. "Vitamin B6 supplementation in elderly men: effects on mood, memory, performance and mental effort." Psychopharmacol. 1992;109:489-496.

Agbayewa MO, at al. "Pyridoxine, ascorbic acid and thiamine in Alzheimer and comparison subjects." Can J Psychiatry. November,1992;37(9):661-662.

Vitamin B12

Masalha R, et al. "Symptomatic dietary vitamin B12 deficiency in a nonvegetarian population." Am J Med. April1,2002;112:413-416.

Duthie SJ, et al. "Homocysteine, b vitamin status, and cognitive function in the elderly." Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:908-913.

Smith AD. "Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cognitive deficit in the elderly." Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:785-786.

Bryan J, et al. "Short-term folate, vitamin B-12 or vitamin B-6 supplementation slightly affects memory performance but not mood in women of various ages." J Nutr. 2002;132:1345-1356.

Carmel R. "Subtle cobalamin deficiency." Ann Int Med. February1,1996;124(3):338-339.

Downing D. "Cerebral manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency." J Nutr Med. 1991;2,89-90.

Lindenbaum J, et al. "Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis." New Eng J Med. 1988;318:1720-1728.

Vitamin E

Morris MC, et al. "Vitamin E and cognitive decline in older persons." Arch Neurol. July,2002;59:1125-1132.

Miller JW. "Vitamin E and memory: is it vascular protection?" Nutr Rev. April,2000;58(4):109-111.

Grundman M. "Vitamin E and Alzheimer disease: the basis for additional clinical trials." Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(Suppl):630S-636S.

Berr C. et al. "Cognitive decline is associated with systemic oxidative stress: the eva study." JAGS. October,2000;48(10):1285-1291.

Smith A, et al. "Anti-oxidant vitamins and mental performance of the elderly." Hum Pyschopharmacol Clin Exp. 1999;14:459-471.

Perkins AJ, et al. "Association of antioxidants with memory in a multiethnic elderly sample using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Am J Epidemiol. 1999;150(1):37-44.

Perrig WJ, et al. "The relation between antioxidants and memory performance in the old and very old." J Am Geriatr Soc. June,1997;45(6):718-724.

Jackson CVE, et al. "Vitamin E and Alzheimer's disease in subjects with Down's syndrome." J Ment Defic Res 1988;32:479-484.

Folate

Dhar M, et al. "Pernicious anemia with neuropsychiatric dysfunction in a patient with sickle cell anemia treated with folate supplementation." N Engl J Med. May29,2003;348(22):2204-2207.

Smith AD. "Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cognitive deficit in the elderly." Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:785-786.

Duthie SJ, et al. "Homocysteine, b vitamin status, and cognitive function in the elderly." Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:908-913.

Bryan J, et al. "Short-term folate, vitamin B-12 or vitamin B-6 supplementation slightly affects memory performance but not mood in women of various ages." J Nutr. 2002;132:1345-1356.

Franchi F, et al. "Deficient folate nutritional status and cognitive performances: Results from a retrospective study in male elderly inpatients in a geriatric department." Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2001;7(Suppl.):145-150.

Choline

"Choline and babies' learning." Nutrition Week. November25,2002;32(23):7.

Ladd SL, et al. "Effect of phosphatidylcholine on explicit memory." Clin Neuropharmacol. 1993;16(6):540-549.

Frattola L, et al. "Multi-center clinical comparison of the effects of choline alfoscerate and cytidine diphosphocholine in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia." Cur Ther Res. April,1991;49(4):683-693.

Supplement References

Phosphatidylserine

Crook TH, et al. "Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease." Psychopharmacol Bull. 1992;28:61-66.

Crook TH, et al. "Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment." Neurol. 1991;41:644-649.

Maggioni M, et al. "Effects of phosphatidylserine therapy in geriatric patients with depressive disorders." Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1990;81:265-270.

Nerozzi D, et al. "Fosfatidilserina e disturbi dela memoria nell'anziano." La CLinica Terapeutica. 1987;120:399-404.

Villardita C, et al. " Multicentre clinical trial of brain phosphatidylserine in elderly patients with intellectual deterioration." Clin Trials J. 1987;24:84-93.

Delwaide PJ, et al. "Double-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients." Acta Neurol Scand. 1986;73:136-140.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Calvani M, et al. "Action of acetyl-l-carnitine in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease." Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992;663:483-486.

Carta A, Calvani M. "Acetyl-l-carnitine: a drug able to slow the progress of alzheimer's disease?" Ann NY Acad Sci. 1991;640:228-232.

Botanical References

Ginkgo

Moulton PL, et al. "The effect of ginkgo biloba on memory in healthy male volunteers." Physiol Behav. 2001;73:659-665.

Diamond BJ, et al. "Ginkgo biloba extract: mechanisms and clinical indications." Arch Phys Med Rehabil. May. 2000;81:668-678.

Wesnes KA, et al. "The memory enhancing effects of a ginkgo biloba/panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers." Psychopharmacol. 2000;152:353-361.

Winther K, et al. "Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cognitive function and blood pressure in elderly subjects." Cur Ther Res. December,1998;59(12):881-888.

Kleijnen J, Knipschild P. "Ginkgo biloba." Lancet. November7,1992;340:1136-1139.

Rai GS, et al. "A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Ginkgo biloba extract (Tanakan) in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment." Cur Med Res Opinion. 1991;12(6):350-355.

Panax

Wesnes KA, et al. "The memory enhancing effects of a ginkgo biloba/panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers." Psychopharmacol. 2000;152:353-361.

Petkov VD, et al. "Participation of the serotonergic system in the memory effects of Ginkgo biloba L. and Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer." Phytother Res. 1994;8:470-477.

Petkov VD, et al. "Effects of standardized extracts GK501, from Ginkgo biloba L., G115 from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, and their combination, Gincosan(PHL-00701), on the brain levels of biogenic monoamines and on the serum content of prolactin, growth hormone and ACTH." Phytother Res. 1993;7:139-145.

Petkov VD, Mosharrof. "Age - and individual-related specificities in the effects of standardized ginseng extract on learning and memory (experiments on rats)." Phtyother Res. 1987;1(2):80-83.

Arctium

Ellingwood F. American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy, Vol II. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR;1993:378.

Zingiber

Eldershaw TPD, et al. "Pungent principles of ginger (Zingiber officinale) are thermogenic in the perfused rat hind limb." Int J Obes. 1992;16:755-63.

Henry CJK, Piggott SM. "Effect of ginger on metabolic rate." Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1987;41C:89-92.

Zanthoxyllum

Mabey R, Ed. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Co, NY, NT;1988:109.

Rosmarinus

Wren RC. Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. CW Daniel Co Ltd, Essex, England;1985:237.

Capsicum

Ellingwood F. American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy, Vol II. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR;1993:163-5.

Homeopathy References

Morrison R.Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms.Hahnemann Clinic Publishing; Albany, CA; 1993.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.

Other Treatment References

Exercise

Rice VM. "Effect of moderate-intensity exercise in alleviating menopausal symptoms." Menopause. 2004;11(4):372-374.

Cotman CW, Berchtold NC. "Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity." Trends in Neurosciences. June,2002;25(6):295-301.

Fabre C, et al. "Improvement of cognitive function by mental and/or individualized aerobic training in healthy elderly subjects." Int J Sports Med. 2002;23:415-421.

Matheson GO. "Is exercise brain food?" Physician Sportsmed. November,2000;28(11):5.

Estrogen/Testosterone

Rapp SR, et al. "Effect of estrogen plus progestin on global cognitive function in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial." JAMA. May28,2003;289(20):2663-2672.

Seidman SN. "Testosterone deficiency and mood in aging men: Pathogenic and therapeutic interactions." World J Biol Psychiatry. 2003;4:14-20.

Morley JE. "Testosterone and behavior." Clin Geriat Med. 2003;19:605-616.

Tan, Pu S-J. "Testosterone replacement in andropause as restorative therapy for older homebound males." Home Health Care Consultant. February 2002;9(2):9-13.

Cherrier MM, et al. "Cognitive effects of short-term manipulation of serum sex steroids in healthy young men." J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(7):3090-3096.

LeBlanc ES, et al. "Hormone replacement therapy and cognition: systematic review and meta-analysis." JAMA. March 21. 2001;285(11):1489-1499.

Cherrier MM, et al. "Testosterone supplementation improves spatial and verbal memory in healthy older men." Neurol. July,2001;57:80-88.

Shaywitz SE, et al. "Effect of estrogen on brain activation patterns in postmenopausal women during working memory tasks." JAMA. April7,1999;281(13):1197-1202.

Kampen DI, Sherwin BB. "Estrogen use and verbal memory in healthy postmenopausal women." Obstet Gynecol. 1994;83:979-983.

Mercury Amalgam Fillings

Randerson J, et al. "Hair mercury levels were associated with detectable alterations in performance on tests of fine motor speed and dexterity, and concentration." Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source. June4,2003;2(8)/"Even 'safe' mercury levels harm brain." New Scientist. June14,2003.

Ely JTA. "Mercury induced Alzheimer's Disease: accelerating incidence?" Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001;67:800-806.

Siblerud RL. "The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and mental health." Am J Psychother. October,1989;18(4):575-587.

Aluminum Toxicity

Altmann P, et al. "Disturbance of cerebral function in people exposed to drinking water contaminated with aluminum sulfate: Retrospective study of the Camelford water incident." BMJ. September25,1999;319:807-811.

Yokel RA. "Aluminum exposure produces learning and memory deficits: a model of Alzheimer's disease." Toxin-Induced Models of Neurologic Disorders Plenum Press. 1994;Chapter11;301-318.

Forbes WF. "The role of aluminum in causing dementia." Nutr Report. March,1996;17.

Martin RB. "Aluminum: a neurotoxic product of acid rain." Accounts Chem Res. 1994;27:204-210.

Davenport A, Goodall R. "Aluminum and dementia." Lancet. May16,1992;339:1236.

Bolla KI, et al. "Neurocognitive effects of aluminum." Arch Neurol. October1992;49:1021-1026.

Beal MF, et al. "Neurochemical characteristics of aluminum-induced neurofibrillary degeneration in rabbits." Neurosci. 1989;29(2):339-346.

Howard JMH. "Clinical import of small increases in serum aluminum." Clin Chem. 1984;30(10):1722-1723.

Lead Toxicity

Shahar DR, et al. "Dietary intake and cognitive function of lead exposed workers." J Nutr Environ Med. 2000;10:201-209.

Dudek B, Merecz D. "Impairment of psychological functions in children environmentally exposed to lead." Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1997;10(1):37-46.

Marlowe M, et al. "Hair mineral content as a predictor of learning disabilities." J Learn Disabil. August/September,1984;17(7):418-421.

Pesticide Exposure

Bosma H, et al. "Pesticide exposure and risk of mild cognitive dysfunction." Lancet. September9,2000:356;912-914.