Allergies

Clancy R, et al. "Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis - allergy or immune deficiency?" Intl Arch Aller Immunol. 1999;118:349-350.

Sugar

Rossignol AM, Bonnlander H. "Prevalence and severity of premenstrual syndrome: effects of foods and beverages that are sweet or high in sugar content." J Repr Med. February,1991;36(2):131-136.

Abraham GE. "Nutrition and the premenstrual tension syndromes." J Applied Nutr. 1984;36(2):103-117.

Fiber

Goldin BR, et al. "Estrogen excretion patterns and plasma levels in vegetarian and omnivorous women." N Eng J Med. 1982;307:1542-47.

Salt

Murray M, Pizzorno J. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, 2 ed. Prima Publishing; Rocklin, CA; 1998:744.

Salt, Sugar, Fiber, Alcohol, Caffeine, Calcium, Magnesium, Vitamin B6

Girman A, et al. "An integrative medicine approach to premenstrual syndrome." Am J Obstet Gynecol. May,2003;188(5):S56-S65.

Parker PD. "Premenstrual syndrome." Am Fam Phys. November1,1994;1309-1317.

Rossignol AM, Bonnlander H. "Premenstrual symptoms and beverage consumption." Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:1640.

Rossignol AM, Bonnlander H. "Caffeine-containing beverages, total fluid consumption, and premenstrual syndrome." Am J Public Health. September,1990;80(9):1106-1110.

Rossignol AM. "Caffeine-containing beverages and premenstrual syndrome in young women." Am J Public Health. November,1985;75(11):1335-1337.

Saturated Fat

Nutrition Week. "PMS begone." February11,2000;30(6):7/Obstet Gynecol. February,2000;95:245-250.

Boyd NF, et al. "Effect of a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet on symptoms of cyclical mastopathy." Lancet. July16,1988;128-132.

Vitamin A

Chuong CJ, et al. "Vitamin A levels in premenstrual syndrome." Fertil Steril. 1990;54(4):643-7.

Block E. "The use of Vitamin A in pre-menstrual tension." Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1960;39:586-592.

Kleine VHO. "Vitamin-A-therapie bei pramenstruellen nervosen beschwerden." Dtsch Med Wschr. 1954;79:879-880.

Argonz J, Abinzano C. "Premenstrual tension treated with vitamin A." J Clin Endocrinol. December,1950;10:1579-1590.

Vitamin B6

Wyatt KM, et al. "Poor-quality studies suggest that vitamin B6 use is beneficial in premenstrual syndrome." BMJ. 1999;318:1375-1381/W J Med. April,2000;245-272.

Wyatt KM, et al. "Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review." Br Med J. May22,1999;318:1375-1381.

Bender DA. "Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6." Br J Nutr. 1999;81:7-20.

Diegoi MSC, et al. "A double-blind trial of four medications to treat severe premenstrual syndrome." Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1998;62:63-67.

London RS, et al. "The effect of a nutritional supplement on premenstrual symptomatology in women with premenstrual syndrome: a double blind longitudinal study." J Am Col Nutr. 1991;10(5):494-499.

Bernstein AL. "Vitamin B6 in clinical neurology." Ann NY Acad Sci. 1990;585:250-260.

Doll H, et al. "Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and the premenstrual syndrome: a randomized crossover trial." J R Coll Gen Pract. September,1989;39:364-368.

Stewart A. "Clinical and biochemical effects of nutritional supplementation on the premenstrual syndrome." J Reprod Med. June,1987;32(6):435-441.

Malmgren R, et al. "Platelet serotonin uptake and effects of vitamin B6-treatment in premenstrual tension." Neuropsychobiol. 1987;18:83-88.

Brush MG, Perry M. "Pyridoxine and the premenstrual syndrome." Lancet. June15,1985;1399.

Williams M, et al. "Controlled trial of pyridoxine in the premenstrual syndrome." J Int Med Res. 1985;13:174-179.

Barr W. "Pyridoxine supplements in the premenstrual syndrome." Practitioner. April,1984;228:425-427.

Biskind MS, et al. "Nutritional deficiency in the etiology of menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, cystic mastitis, and premenstrual tension. II. further observations on treatment with the vitamin B complex." Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1944;78(1):49-57.

Biskind MS. "Nutritional deficiency in the etiology of menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, cystic mastitis and premenstrual tension; treatment with vitamin B complex." J Clin Endocrinol. 1943;3:227-234.

Vitamin E

Stevinson C, Ernst E. "Complementary/alternative therapies for premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials." Am J Obstet Gynecol. July,2001;185(1):227-235.

London RS, et al. "Efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in the treatment of the premenstrual syndrome." J Reprod Med. June,1987;32(6):400-404.

Ernster VL, et al. "Vitamin E and benign breast 'disease': a double-blind, randomized clinical trial." Surg. April,1985;97(4):490-494.

London RS, et al. "The effect of alpha-tocopherol on premenstrual symptomatology: a double blind study. II. Endocrine correlates." J Am Coll Nutr. 1984;3:351.

London RS, et al. "The effect of alpha-tocopherol on premenstrual symptomatology: a double blind study." J Am Coll Nutr. 1983;2:115.

Abrams AA. "Use of vitamin E in chronic cystic mastitis." N Eng J Med. May20,1965;272:1080-1081.

Magnesium

Quaranta S, et al. "Pilot study of the efficacy and safety of a modified-release magnesium 250 mg tablet (Sincromag) for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome." Clin Drug Investig. 2007;27(1):51-8.

De Souza MC, et al. "A synergistic effect of a daily supplement for 1 month of 200 mg magnesium plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for the relief of anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study." J Women's Health Gender-Based Med. 2000;9(2):131-139.

Boschert S. "Magnesium can curb premenstrual migraine." Fam Prac News. March1,1996;33.

Facchinetti F, et al. "Magnesium prophylaxis of menstrual migraine: effects on intracellular magnesium." Headache. May,1991;31:298-301.

Facchinetti F, et al. "Oral magnesium successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes." Obstet Gynecol. August,1991;78(2):177-181.

Sherwood RA, et al. "Magnesium and the premenstrual syndrome." Ann Clin Biochem. 1986;23:667-670.

Abraham GE, Lubran MM. "Serum and red cell magnesium levels in patients with premenstrual tension." Am J Clin Nutr. November,1981;34:2364-2366.

Abraham GE. "Primary dysmenorrhea." Clin Obstet Gynecol. March,1978;21(1):139-145.

Copper, Zinc, Magnesium

Posaci C, et al. "Plasma copper, zinc and magnesium levels in patients with premenstrual tension syndrome." Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1994;73:452-455.

Calcium, Vitamin D

Bertone-Johnson ER, et al. "Calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of incident Premenstrual Syndrome." Arch Intern Med. June 13,2005;165:1246-1252.

Calcium, Manganese

Kass-Wolff JH. "Calcium in women: healthy bones and much more." JOGNN. January/February,2004;33(1):21-33.

Jancin B. "Consider calcium supplements to alleviate PMS." Fam Pract News. May1,2004:50.

Wolf AM, Wolf AMD. "The role of vitamins and minerals in migraine headache, cardiovascular disease, cancer." Hosp Med. April,1999;12,15,27.

Thys-Jacobs S, et al. "Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome: effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms." Am J Obstet Gynecol. August,1998;179(2):444-452.

Penland JG, Johnson PE. "The dietary calcium and manganese effects on menstrual cycle symptoms." Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:1417-1423.

Tryptophan

Bond AJ, et al. "Tryptophan depletion increases aggression in women during the premenstrual phase." Psychopharmacol. 2001;156:477-480.

Steinberg S, et al. "A placebo-controlled clinical trial of L-tryptophan in premenstrual dysphoria." Biol Psychiatry. 1999;45:313-320.

Jancin B. "Carbo-rich drink eases premenstrual symptoms." Fam Prac News. December1,1995;25.

Pilar S. "Amelioration of premenstrual depressive symptomatology with L-tryptophan." J Psych Neurosci. 1994;19(2):114-119.

Menkes DB, et al. "Acute tryptophan depletion aggravates premenstrual syndrome." J Effective Disorders. 1994;32:37-44.

Lipotropic Factors

Biskind MS, Biskind GR. "Diminution in ability of the liver to inactivate estrone in vitamin B complex deficiency." Sci. 1941;94:462.

Essential Fatty Acids

Khoo K, et al. "Evening primrose oil and treatment of premenstrual syndrome." Med J Aust. August20,1990;153:189-192.

Larsson B, et al. "Evening primrose oil in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a pilot study." Curr Ther Res. July,1989;46(1):58-63.

Ylikorkala O, et al. "Prostaglandins and premenstrual syndrome." Prog Lipid Res. 1986;25:433-435.

Puolakka J, et al. "Biochemical and clinical effects of treating the premenstrual syndrome with prostaglandin synthesis precursors." J Reprod Med. March,1985;30(3):149-153.

Brush MG, et al. "Abnormal essential fatty acid levels in plasma of women with premenstrual syndrome." Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;150:363-66.

Horrobin DF. "The role of essential fatty acids and prostaglandins in the premenstrual syndrome." J Repro Med. July,1983;28(7):465-468.

Ovary Glandular

Stein J. "Objective demonstration of the organ-specific effectiveness of cellular preparations." In: Schmid F, ed; Cell Research and Cellular Therapy. Ott Publishers; Thoune (Switzerland); 1967:294-301.

Neumann KH. "The influence of tissue injections on experimental liver damage." In:Schmid F, ed; Cell Research and Cellular Therapy. Ott Publishers; Thoune (Switzerland); 1967:368-79.

Stein J. "Specific effect on implanted endocrine tissues." In:Schmid F, ed; Cell Research and Cellular Therapy. Ott Publishers; Thoune (Switzerland); 1967:340-67.

Acidophilus and Bifidus

Goldin B, Gorsbach S. "The effect of milk and lactobacillus feeding on human intestinal bacterial enzyme activity." Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;39:756-61.

Angelica Sinensis

Yamada K, Kanba S. "Herbal medicine (kami-shoyo-san) in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder." J Clin Psychopharmacol. August,2002;22(4):442.

Bendich A. "The potential for dietary supplements to reduce premenstrual syndrome (pms) symptoms." J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19(1):3-12.

Koshiro K. "The physiological actions of tang-kuei and cnidium." Bull Oriental Heading Arts Inst USA. 1985;10:269-78.

Harada M, et al. "Effect of Japanese Angelica root and peony root on uterine contraction in the rabbit in situ." J Pharm Dyn. 1984;7:304-11.

Valeriana

Watkins RW. "Herbal therapeutics: the top 12 remedies." Emerg Med. March,2002:12-19.

Pilcher JD. "The action of certain drugs on the excised uterus of the guineapig." J Pharm Exp Ther. 1916;8:110-111.

Vitex Agnus-Castus

Jancin B. "Consider calcium supplements to alleviate PMS." Family Practice News. May1,2004:50."

Berger D, et al. "Efficacy of Vitex agnus castus L. extract Ze 440 in patients with pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)." Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2000;264:150-153.

Loch E-G, et al. "Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with a phytopharmaceutical formulation containing Vitex Agnus castus." J Women's Health Gender-Based Med. 2000;9(3):315-320.

Wong AHC, et al. "Herbal remedies in psychiatric practice." Arch Gen Psychiatry. November,1998;55:1033-1044.

Lauritzen C, et al. "Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with Vitex agnus-castus. Controlled, souble blind study versus pyridoxine." Phytomed. 1997;4:183-89.

Milewicz A, et al. "Vitex agnus-castus in the treatment of luteal phase defects due to hyperprolactinemia." Arzneim-Forsch. 1993;43:752-6.

Dittmar FW, et al. "Premenstrual syndrome: treatment with a phytopharmaceutical." TW Gynakologie. 1992;5(1):60-68.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.

Thyroid Panel

Brayshaw ND, Brayshaw DD. "Thyroid hypofunction in premenstrual syndrome." N Eng J Med. 1986;315:1486-7.

Exercise

Girman A, et al. "An integrative medicine approach to premenstrual syndrome." Am J Obstet Gynecol. May,2003;188(5):S56-S65.

Aganoff JA, Boyle GJ. "Aerobic exercise, mood states and menstrual cycle systems." J Psychosom Res. 1994;38(3):183-192.

Metheny WP, Smith RP. "The relationship among exercise, stress, and primary dysmenorrhea." J Behav Med. 1989;12(6):569-586.

Prior JC, Vigna Y. "Conditioning exercise and premenstrual symptoms." J Reprod Med. June,1987;32(6):423-428.

Prior JC, et al. "Conditioning exercise decreases premenstrual symptoms: a prospective, controlled 6-month trial." Fertil Steril. March,1987;47(3):402-408.

Copyright 1998 - 2008 by L. Vicky Crouse, ND and James S. Reiley, ND. All rights reserved (ISSN 1527-0661).