Below are supplemental abstracts and references of research that support the conclusions on the treatment for Psoriatic Arthritis

. Diet and Nutrition References


Food Allergies

Addolorato G, et al. "Rapid regression of psoriasis in a coeliac patient after gluten-free diet: a case report and review of the literature." Digestion. 2003;68:9-12.

Michaelsson G, et al. "Gluten-free diet in psoriasis patients with antibodies to gliadin results in decreased expression of tissue transglutaminase and fewer KI67+ cells in the dermis." Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83:425-429.

Hafstrom I, et al. "A vegan diet free of gluten improves the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: the effects on arthritis correlate with a reduction in antibodies to food antigens." Rheumatol. 2001;40:1175-1179.

Michaelsson G, et al. "Psoriasis patients with antibodies to gliadin can be improved by a gluten-free diet." Br J Dermatol. 2000;142:44-51.

Nenonen MT. "Rheumatoid arthritis, fasting, diet and bacteria: myths and enthusiasm." Clin Rheumatol. 1998;17:269-270.

Gamlin L, Brostoff J. "Food sensitivity and rheumatoid arthritis." Env Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997;4:43-49.

van de Laar MAFJ, Ander Korst JK. "Food intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis, in a double blind, controlled trial of the clinical effects of elimination of milk allergens and azo dyes." Ann Rheum Dis. 1992;51:298-302.

Darlington LG, et al. "Placebo-controlled, blind study of dietary manipulation therapy in rheumatoid arthritis." Lancet. 1986:1:236-8.

Bazex A. "Diet without gluten and psoriasis." Ann Derm Symp. 1976;103:648.


Low Protein, Low Fat Diet

Adam O, et al. "Anti-inflammatory effects of a low arachidonic acid diet and fish oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Rheumatol Int. 2003;23:27-36.

Jacobsson I, et al. "Correlation of fatty acid composition of adipose tissue lipids and serum phosophatidylcholine and serum concentrations of micronutrients with disease duration in rheumatoid arthritis." Ann Rheum Dis. 1990;49:901-5.

Newborg B. "Disappearance of psoriatic lesions on the rice diet." N Carolina Med J. 1986;47:253-55.

Lucas C, Power L. "Dietary fat aggravates active rheumatoid arthritis." Clin Res. 1981;29(4):754A.

Schamberg JF. "The dietary treatment of psoriasis." JAMA. 1932;98:1633.


Vegetarian Diet

Hafstrom I, et al. "A vegan diet free of gluten improves the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: the effects on arthritis correlate with a reduction in antibodies to food antigens." Rheumatol. 2001;40:1175-1179.

Sarzi-Puttini P, et al. "Dietary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled double-blind study of two different dietary regimens." Scand J Rheumatol. 2000;29:302-307.

Linos A, et al. "Dietary factors in relation to rheumatoid arthritis: a role for olive oil and cooked vegetables?" Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:1077-1082.

Kjeldsen-Kragh J. "Rheumatoid arthritis treated with vegetarian diets." Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(Suppl.):594S-600S.

Kjeldsen-Kragh J. "Dietary treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Scand J Rheumatol. 1996;63.


Ginger

Srivastava KC, Mustafa T. "Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in rheumatism and musculoskeletal disorders." Med Hypo. 1992;39:342-8.

Srivastava KC, Mustafa T. "Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and rheumatic disorders." Med Hypo. 1989;29:25-8.


Food Additives

Buchanan HM, et al. "Is diet important in rheumatoid arthritis?" Br J Rheumatol. 1991;30:125-34.


Solanacea Family

Childers NF, Russo GM. The Nightshades and Health. Horticultural Publications; Somerset Press Inc; Somerville, NJ.


Fiber

King DE, et al. "Effect of a high-fiber diet vs. a fiber-supplemented diet on C-reactive protein level." Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(5):502-6.

Rosenberg E, Belew P. "Microbial factors in psoriasis." Arch Dermatol. 1982;118:1434-44.


Alcohol

Serwin AB, et al. "Selenium status in psoriasis and its relationship with alcohol consumption." Biol Trace Elem Res. 2002;89:127-137.

Monk BE, Neill SM. "Alcohol consumption and psoriasis." Dermatologica. 1986;173(2):57-60.


Vitamin and Mineral References


Niacinamide

McCarty MF, et al. "Niacinamide therapy for osteoarthritis - does it inhibit nitric oxide synthase induction by interleukin-1 in chondrocytes?" J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53:315-322.

Hoffer A. "Treatment of arthritis by nicotinic acid and nicotinamide." Can Med Assoc J. 1959;81:235-9.


Vitamin B5

Barton-Wright EC, Elliot WA. "The pantothenic acid metabolism of rheumatoid arthritis." Lancet. 1963;2:862-3.


Vitamin B12

Segal R, et al. "Anemia, serum vitamin B12, and folic acid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus." Rheumatol Int. 2004;24:14-19.

Stucker M, et al. "Vitamin B12 cream containing avocado oil in the therapy of plaque psoriasis." Dermatol. 2001;203:141-147.

Carslaw RW, Neill J. "Vitamin B12 in psoriasis." Letter. Br Med J. 1963;1:611.


Antioxidants

Darlington LG, Stone TW. "Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders." Br J Nutr. 2001;85:251-269.

Thabrew MI, et al. "Antioxidant potential of two polyherbal preparations used in ayurveda for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;76:285-291.

Mangge H, et al. "Diet and rheumatoid arthritis - a review." Scand J Rheumatol. 1999;28:201-209.

Kiziltunc A, et al. "Carnitine and antioxidants levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Scand J Rheumatol. 1998;27:441-445.

Morgan SL, et al. "Nutrient intake patterns, body mass index, and vitamin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Arth Care Res. February,1997;10(1):9-17.

Nalini G, et al. "The antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis." J Clin Biochem Nutr. 1997;23:69-75.

Singh RB, et al. "Dietary intake and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in health and disease: a hospital-based case-control study." J Nutr Environ Med. 1995;5:235-242.


Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Zinc

Baz K, et al. "Oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with psoriasis." Yonsei Med J. 2003;44(6):987-990.

"Psoriasis Rx: A plus E plus zinc." Cortlandt Forum. May,1993;123/63-31.


Vitamin D

"Synthetic vitamin D analogue quells psoriasis." Skin Aller News. September,1997;30.

Perez A, et al. "Safety and efficacy of oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) for the treatment of psoriasis." Br J Dermatol. 1996;134:1070-1078.

Gerritsen M, et al. "Topical treatment of psoriatic plaques with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3: a cell biological study." Br J Dermatol. 1993;128:666-673.

Staberg B, et al. "Abnormal vitamin D metabolism in patients with psoriasis." Acta Derm Venereol. 1987;67(1):65-68.

Morimoto S, et al. "Topical administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for psoriasis: report of five cases." Calcif Tissue Intl. February,1986;38(2):119-122.

Takamoto S, et al. "Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on psoriasis vulgaris: a pilot study." Calcif Tissue Intl. December,1986;39(6):360-364.


Vitamin E

Machtey I. "Vitamin E and arthritis/vitamin E and rheumatoid arthritis." Arth Rheum. September,1991;34(9):1205.

Juhlin L, et al. "Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases: effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment." Acta Derm Venereol. 1982;62(3):211-214.


Vitamin K

Chayen J, et al. "The effect of experimentally induced redox changes on human rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid synovial tissue in vitro." Beitr Path Bd. 1973;149:127.


Selenium

Serwin AB, et al. "Selenium status in psoriasis and its relationship with alcohol consumption." Biol Trace Elem Res. 2002;89:127-137.

Peretz A, et al. "Selenium supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis investigated in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial." Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30(4):208-212.

Knekt P, et al. "Serum selenium, serum alpha-tocopherol, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis." Epidemiol. July,2000;11(4):402-405.

Kose K, et al. "Plasma selenium levels inrheumatoid arthritis." Biol Trace Elem Res. 1996;53:51-56.

Harvima RJ, et al. "Screening effects of selenomethionine-enriched yeast supplementation on various immunological and chemical parameters of skin and blood in psoriatic patients." ACTA Derm Venereol. 1993;73:88-91.

O'Dell JR, et al. "Serum selenium concentrations in rheumatoid aArthritis." Ann Rheum Dis. 1991;50:376-378.

Michaelsson G, et al. "Selenium in whole blood and plasma is decreased in patients with moderate and severe psoriasis." Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh). 1989;69:29-34.

Juhlin L, et al. "Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases: effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment." Acta Derm Venereol. 1982;62(3):211-214.


Zinc

Cerhan JR, et al. "Antioxidant micronutrients and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a cohort of older women." Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(4):345-354.

Naveh Y, et al. "Zinc metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: plasma and urinary zinc and relationship to disease activity." J Rheumatol. 1997;24(4):643-646.

Svenson KLG, et al. "Reduced zinc in peripheral blood cells from patients with inflammatory connective tissue diseases." Inflammation. 1985;9(2):189-199.


Copper

Rosenstein ED, Caldwell JR. "Trace elements in the treatment of rheumatic conditions." Complementary Altern Ther Rheum Dis. November,1999;25(4):929-935.

Disilvestro RA, et al. "Effects of copper supplementation on ceruloplasmin and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in free-living rheumatoid arthritic patients." J Am Col Nutr. 1992;11(2):177-180.


Supplement References


Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Covington MB. "Omega-3 fatty acids." Am Fam Physician. July1,2004;70(1):133-140.

Adam O, et al. "Anti-inflammatory effects of a low arachidonic acid diet and fish oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Rheumatol Int. 2003;23:27-36.

Cleland LG, et al. "The role of fish oils in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Drugs. 2003;63(9):845-853.

Adam O. "Dietary fatty acids and immune reactions in synovial tissue." Eur J Med Res. August20,2003;8:381-387.

Darlington LG, Stone TW. "Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders." Br J Nutr. 2001;85:251-269.

Calder PC. "Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and immunity." Lipids. September,2001;36:1007-1024.

Forst P, Kuhn KS. "Fish oil emulsions: what benefits can they bring?" Clin Nutr. 2000;19(1):7-14.

Kremer JM. "n-3 fatty acid supplements in rheumatoid arthritis." Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(Suppl):349S-351S.

Simopoulos AP. "Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease." Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(Suppl.):560S-569S.

Horrocks LA, Yeo YK. "Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)." Pharmacol Res. 1999;40(3):211-225.

Ariza-Ariza R, et al. "Omega-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis: an overview." Seminars Arthr Rheum. June,1998;27(6):366-370.

de Deckere EAM, et al. "Health aspects of fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant and marine origin." Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998;52:749-753.

Geusens PP. "n-3 fatty acids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Medicinal Fatty Acids Inflammation. 1998:111-123.

James MJ, Cleland LG. "Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and therapy for rheumatoid arthritis." Sem Arth Rheum. 1997;27(2):85-97.

Volker D, Garg M. "Dietary N-3 fatty acid supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis - mechanisms, clinical outcomes, controversies, and future directions." J Clin Biochem Nut. 1996;20:83-97.

Shapiro JA, et al. "Diet and rheumatoid arthritis in women: a possible protective effect of fish consumption." Epidemiol. 1996;7:256-263.

Kremer JM, et al. "Effects of high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid arthritis after stopping nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs." Arth and Rheum. August,1995;38(8):1107-1114.

Grimminger F, et al. "A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of N-3 fatty acid based lipid infusion in acute, extended guttate psoriasis: rapid improvement of clinical manifestations and changes in neutrophil leukotriene profile." Clin Investigator. 1993;71:634-643.

McCarthy G, Kenny D. "Dietary fish oil in rheumatic diseases" Sem Arthritis Rheumatism. June,1992;21(6): 368-375.

Kojima T, et al, "Long-term administration of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid provides improvement of psoriasis." Dermatologica. 1991;182(4):225-230.

Maurice PD, et al. "The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil in patients with psoriasis." Br J Dermatol. November,1987;117(5):599-606.


Omega 6 Fatty Acids

Kapoor R, et al. "Gamma linolenic acid: an antiinflammatory omega-6 fatty acid." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 2006;7(6):531-4.

Ellis CN, et al. "Experimental therapies for psoriasis." Sem Dermatol. 1985;4(4):313-19.

Black AK, et al. "The effect of systemic prednisone on arachidonic acid, and prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha levels in human cutaneous inflammation." Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982;(4)313-19.


Fumaric Acid

Mrowietz U, et al. "Treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: results of a prospective multicentre study." Br J Dermatol. 1998;138:456-460.

Nieboer C, et al. "Fumaric acid therapy in psoriasis: a double blind comparison between fumaric acid compound therapy and monotherapy with dimethylfumaric acid ester." Dermatologica. 1990;18(1):33-7.

Nugteren-Huying WM, et al. "Fumaric acid therapy in psoriasis: a double blind, placebo controlled study." Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1990;134(49):2387-91.


Hydrochloric Acid

Rappaport EM. "Achlorhydria: Associated symptoms and response to hydrochloric acid. N Eng J Med. 1955;252(19):802-5.

Ayers S. "Gastric secretion in psoriasis, eczema and dermatitis herpetiformis." Arch Dermatol Sympilol. 1929;20:854-57.


Digestive Enzymes

Murray M, Pizzorno J. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, 2 ed. Prima Publishing; Rocklin, CA; 1998:764.


Quercetin and Bromelain

Cody V, et al. Plant flavonoids in biology and medicine-biochemical, pharmacological, and structure-activity relationships. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986.


Bromelain

Cohen A, Goldman J. "Bromelain therapy in rheumatoid arthritis." Penn Med J. 1964; 67:27-30.


Hydrochloric Acid

Peltonen R, et al. "Faecal Microbial flora and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis during a vegan diet." Br J Rheumatol. 1997; 36:64-8.


Glucosamine Sulphate

Vaz AL. "Double blind clinical evaluation of the relative efficacy of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulphate in the management of osteoarthrosis of the knee in out-patients." Curr Med Res Opin. 1982;8:145-9.

D'Ambrosio E, et al. "Glucosamine sulphate: a controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis. Pharmatherapeutica. 1981;2:504-8.


Botanical References


Hydrastis

Murray M, Pizzorno J. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, 2 ed. Prima Publishing; Rocklin, CA; 1998:764.


Smilax

Tse TW. "Use of common Chinese herbs in the treatment of psoriasis." Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28:469-475.

Thurmon FM. "The treatment of psoriasis with sarsaparilla compound." N Eng J Med. 1942;227:128-33.


Gallium

Boericke. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9 ed. Santa Rosa, CA; Boericke and Tafel Inc.


Harpagophytum

Baghdikian L, et al. "An analytical study, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Harpagophytum procumbens and Harpagophytum zeyheri." Planta Medica. 1997;63:171-176.


Yucca

Bingham R, et al. "Yucca plant saponin in the management of arthritis." J Appl Nutr. 1975;27:45-50.


Juniperus

Beckstrom-Sternberg SM, Duke D. The Phytochemical Database. (ACEDB version 4.3 -data version July 1994).


Angelica Sinensis

Hikino, H. Recent Research on Oriental Medicinal Plants. Economic and Medicinal Plant Research. 1985, Volume 1, London Academic press.


Arctium

Mabey R, Ed. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Co, NY, NT;1988:41.


Cimicifuga

Mabey R, Ed. The New Age Herbalist. Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Co, NY, NT;1988:100.


Medicago

Ellingwood F. American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy. Eclectic Medical Publications; Sandy, OR;1993:436-7.


Homeopathy References


Morrison R.Desktop Guide to Keynotes and Confirmatory Symptoms.Hahnemann Clinic Publishing; Albany, CA; 1993.

Murphy R.Homeopathic Medical Repertory.Hahnemann Academy of North America; Pagosa Springs, CO; 1993.

Phatak SR. A Concise Repertory of Homoeopathic Medicines. B. Jain Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India; 1992.

Kruzel T. The Homeopathic Emergency Guide.North Atlantic Books; Berkeley, CA; 1992.

Kent JT. Repertory of the Homeopathic Materia Medica.B. Jain Publishers (P) LTD; New Delhi, India; 1991.

Boericke W. Materia Medica with Repertory, 9th Ed..Boericke & Tafel, Inc.; Santa Rosa, CA; 1927.

Jonas WB, et al. "Homeopathy and rheumatic disease." Rheumatic Dis Clin North Am. February,2000;26(1):117-123.


Other Treatment References


Calcitrol

Perez A, et al. "Efficacy and safety of topical calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) for the treatment of psoriasis." Br J Dermatol. 1996;134:238-46.


Ultraviolet Radiation

Jancin B. "Meditation speeds psoriasis clearing during phototherapy." Skin and Allergy News. March,2000:30/Psychosom Med. 1998;60(5):625-632.

Ness AR, et al. "Are we really dying for a tan?" Br Med J. July10,1999;319:114-116.

Frankel DH. "Meditation and light order of the day for psoriasis." Lancet. September26,1998;352:1040.

Vahlquist, et al. "Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with extracorporeal photochemotherapy and conventional psoralen-ultraviolet a irradiation." Arthritis Rheumatism. September,1996;39(9):1519-1523.

Farber EM, Nall L. "Psoriasis and ultraviolet radiation." Cutis. September,1993;52:145-152.


Exercise

de Jong Z, et al. "Is a long-term high-intensity exercise program effective and safe in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Results of a randomized controlled trial." Arth Rheum. September,2003;48(9):2415-2424.

"Exercise benefits musculoskeletal disease." Fam Prac News. June1,1997;32.


Smoking

Wilson K, Goldsmith CH. "Does smoking cause rheumatoid arthritis?" J Rheumatol. 1999;26(1):1-3.

Symmons DPM, et al, "Blood transfusion, smoking, and obesity as risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis." Arth Rheum. November,1997;40(11):1955-1961.


Magnets

Hinman MR, et al. "Effects of static magnets on chronic knee pain and physical function: a double-blind study." Altern Ther Health Med. July/August 2002;8(4):50-55.

Trock DH. "Electromagnetic fields and magnets: investigational treatment for musculoskeletal disorders." Rheumat Dis Clin North Am. February,2000;26(1):51-62.


Silica Dust and Pesricides

Cooper GS, et al. "Occupational exposures and autoimmune diseases." Int Immunopharmacol. 2002;2:303-313.

Copyright 1998 - 2008 by L. Vicky Crouse, ND and James S. Reiley, ND. All rights reserved (ISSN 1527-0661).